Short-Chain Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency is a rare genetic condition that prevents the body from converting certain fats (called short-chain fatty acids) into energy. This condition belongs to a group of disorders known as fatty acid oxidation disorders (FOD). SCAD deficiency is caused by mutations in the ACADS gene. These mutations lead to a shortage (deficiency) of an enzyme known as short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which is involved in the breakdown of short-chain fatty acids. When not enough of this enzyme is present, excessive amounts of fatty acids and ammonia accumulate in the body. The symptoms of SCAD deficiency include a lack of energy, poor growth, and developmental delay. Treatment for this condition typically includes a low-fat diet and avoidance of long periods without food (fasting).