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Police immediately organized a task force to conduct an investigation. About 0:00 on April 12, 2013, after the police determined that Lin was a suspect and summoned him, Lin then confessed that he had put N -nitrosodimethylamine in dorm 421's water dispenser. ... Archived from the original on 2015-01-25. ^ "最高法复核复旦投毒案被告人死刑判决" . Ifeng.com . 2015-05-27. Archived from the original on 2018-11-05. ^ " " 复旦投毒案"续：最高法已核准林森浩死刑" . Ifeng.com . 2015-12-09. Archived from the original on 2017-11-15. ^ 于艳彬. "复旦投毒案：最高法死刑复核法官接见凶手父亲_中国新闻_南方网" . news.southcn.com . Retrieved 2017-11-06 . ^ "复旦投毒案嫌犯被核准死刑 律师将向最高检抗诉_新闻_腾讯网" . news.qq.com (in Chinese) .
Many Chinese elixir names are compounds of dan , such as jīndān 金丹 (with "gold") meaning "golden elixir; elixir of immortality; potable gold " and xiāndān 仙丹 (with " Daoist immortal ") "elixir of immortality; panacea", and shéndān 神丹 (with "spirit; god") "divine elixir". ... Traditional Chinese medicine also used less concentrated cinnabar and mercury preparations, and dan means "pill; medicine" in general, for example, dānfāng 丹方 semantically changed from "prescription for elixir of immortality" to "medical prescription". ... In an unusual case of involuntary elixir poisoning, Empress Jia Nanfeng (257–300) was forced to commit suicide by drinking "jinxiaojiu" 金屑酒 "wine with gold fragments" (Needham and Ho 1970: 326). ... He ordered alchemists to make the jiuhuan jindan 九還金丹 (Ninefold Cyclically Transformed Elixir), which he kept in a jade box, and explained, "I am still too fond of the pleasures of the world to take flight to the heavens immediately—I intend to consume the elixir only when I am about to die." ... Sun's medical c. 659 Qianjin yifang 千金要方 (Supplement to the Thousand Golden Remedies) categorically states that mercury, realgar, orpiment, sulphur, gold, silver, and vitriol are poisonous, but prescribed them in much larger amounts for elixirs than for medicines.
For example, koro (in its Chinese term of shuk yang , shook yong or suo yang (simplified Chinese: 缩阳; traditional Chinese: 縮陽)) is documented in the old medical book New Collection of remedies of value ( simplified Chinese : 验方新篇 ; traditional Chinese : 驗方新篇 ) which was published in Qing Dynasty . ... American Psychiatric Pub. pp. 898–901. ISBN 978-0-89042-025-6 . ^ "Koro" . dictionary.com . ... ISBN 90-277-1858-X . ^ Tseng, Wen-Shing (2001), Handbook of Cultural Psychiatry , San Diego: Academic press, ISBN 0-12-701632-5 ^ Wang, Minghui; Wang, Fenglei (March 2002), "Conceptualisation and treatment of koro in traditional Chinese medicine", The Chinese Journal of Human Sexuality (in Chinese), 11 (1): 559–61, ISSN 1672-1993 ^ Spyropoulos E, Christoforidisb C, Borousasa D, Mavrikosa S, Bourounisa M, Athanasiadisa S (2005).
2001 Japan Airlines mid-air incident 日本航空機駿河湾上空ニアミス事故 Accident Date January 31, 2001 ( 2001-01-31 ) Summary Near miss , ATC error Site near Yaizu, Shizuoka , Japan Total fatalities 0 Total injuries 100 (All on Japan Airlines Flight 907) Total survivors 677 (all) First aircraft JA8904, the aircraft involved seen in 2004. Type Boeing 747-446D Operator Japan Airlines Registration JA8904 [1] Flight origin Tokyo Int'l Airport , Tokyo , Japan Destination Naha Int'l Airport , Okinawa , Japan Occupants 427 Passengers 411 Crew 16 Fatalities 0 Injuries 100 (9 serious, 91 minor) Survivors 427 (all) Second aircraft A Japan Airlines DC-10 , similar to the aircraft involved. Type McDonnell Douglas DC-10-40 Operator Japan Airlines Registration JA8546 [1] Flight origin Gimhae International Airport , Busan , South Korea Destination Narita International Airport , Tokyo , Japan Occupants 250 Passengers 237 Crew 13 Fatalities 0 Injuries 0 Survivors 250 (all) On January 31, 2001, Japan Airlines Flight 907, a Boeing 747-400 en route from Haneda Airport , Japan , to Naha Airport , Okinawa , narrowly avoided a mid-air collision with Japan Airlines Flight 958, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-40 en route from Gimhae International Airport , South Korea , to Narita International Airport , Japan . ... March 31, 2006 (18th year of Heisei) ( Archive ) Japan Airlines TOKYO: JANUARY 31, 2001 - FLIGHT JL907 INCIDENT ( Archive ) JANUARY 31 NEAR MISS - STATUS REPORT FEBRUARY 1 2001 ( Archive ) JL907/JL958 NEAR MISS - CAPTAINS' REPORTS FEB 1 2001 ( Archive ) JL907 (Japanese) - Contains a list of passengers injured on Japan Airlines Flight 907 (Japanese) ( Archive ) The German Midair – Lessons to be Learned Close Call For JAL Jets CBS News Japan Jet in Mid-Air Near-Miss ABC News A REVIEW OF JAL907/JAL958 NEAR MID-AIR COLLISION. ９０７便、回避後降下で被害拡大 Mainichi Shimbun v t e Aviation accidents and incidents in Japan All Nippon Airways Flight 60 (February 1966) Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 402 (March 1966) BOAC Flight 911 (March 1966) All Nippon Airways Flight 533 (November 1966) Toa Domestic Airlines Flight 63 (July 1971) All Nippon Airways Flight 58 (July 1971) Japan Airlines Flight 115 (June 1978) Japan Airlines Flight 350 (February 1982) Japan Airlines Flight 123 (August 1985) Japan Air System Flight 451 (April 1993) China Airlines Flight 140 (April 1994) Philippine Airlines Flight 434 (December 1994) Garuda Indonesia Flight 865 (June 1996) All Nippon Airways Flight 61 (July 1999) 2001 Japan Airlines mid-air incident (January 2001) China Airlines Flight 120 (August 2007) FedEx Express Flight 80 (March 2009) Asiana Airlines Flight 162 (April 2015) Korean Air Flight 2708 (May 2016) v t e ← 2000 Aviation accidents and incidents in 2001 ( 2001 ) 2002 → Jan 23 Yemenia Flight 448 Jan 25 RUTACA Airlines Flight 225 Jan 27 Omsk An-70 crash Jan 27 Oklahoma State basketball team crash Jan 31 Japan Airlines mid-air incident Feb 7 Iberia Airlines Flight 1456 Feb 27 Loganair Flight 670A Mar 3 Thai Airways International Flight 114 Mar 24 Air Caraïbes Flight 1501 Mar 29 Avjet Gulfstream III crash Apr 1 Hainan Island incident Apr 20 Peru shootdown May 17 Faraz Qeshm Airlines Yak-40 crash Jul 4 Vladivostok Air Flight 352 Aug 24 Air Transat Flight 236 Aug 25 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash Aug 29 Binter Mediterráneo Flight 8261 Sep 11 American Airlines Flight 11 Sep 11 United Airlines Flight 175 Sep 11 American Airlines Flight 77 Sep 11 United Airlines Flight 93 Sep 11 Delta Air Lines Flight 1989 Sep 11 Korean Air Flight 85 Sep 15 TAM Flight 9755 Sep 17 Grozny Mi-8 crash Oct 4 Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 Oct 8 Linate Airport disaster Nov 12 American Airlines Flight 587 Nov 12 Fishtail Air Eurocopter AS350 crash Nov 24 Crossair Flight 3597 Dec 2 AFRF Flight 9064 Dec 22 American Airlines Flight 63 v t e JAL Group International Japan Airlines Regional Hokkaido Air System J-Air Japan Air Commuter Japan Transocean Air Ryukyu Air Commuter Former Japan Airlines Domestic Japan Asia Airways JAL Express JALways History JAL accidents and incidents Flight 2 (1968) Flight 351 (1970) Flight 471 (1972) Flight 472 (1972) Flight 446 (1972) Flight 404 (1973) Flight 8054 (1977) Flight 472 (1977) Flight 115 (1978) Flight 350 (1982) Flight 123 (1985) 2001 Japan Airlines mid-air incident Services JAL destinations People Kazuo Inamori
Niigata Minamata disease Specialty Toxicology Niigata Minamata disease ( 新潟水俣病 , Niigata Minamata-byō ) is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning . ... A total of 690 people from the Agano River basin have been certified as patients of Niigata Minamata disease. [1] Since the Niigata outbreak was the second recorded in Japan and occurred in the Lower Agano River Basin, it is sometimes called Second Minamata disease ( 第二水俣病 , Dai-ni Minamata-byō ) or Agano River Organic Mercury Poisoning ( 阿賀野川有機水銀中毒 , Agano-gawa Yūki-suigin Chūdoku ) . ... Harvard University Asia Center. ISBN 978-0-674-00785-7 Saito, Hisashi. (2009).
While diarrhea is common in people with SARS, the fecal–oral route does not appear to be a common mode of transmission. [9] The basic reproduction number of SARS-CoV, R 0 , ranges from 2 to 4 depending on different analyses. ... As a result of quarantine procedures, some of the post-SARS patients have been documented as suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder . [31] [32] Epidemiology [ edit ] Main article: 2002–2004 SARS outbreak SARS was a relatively rare disease; at the end of the epidemic in June 2003, the incidence was 8,422 cases with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 11%. [4] The case fatality rate (CFR) ranges from 0% to 50% depending on the age group of the patient. [9] Patients under 24 were least likely to die (less than 1%); those 65 and older were most likely to die (over 55%). [33] As with MERS and COVID-19 , SARS resulted in significantly more deaths of males than females. 2003 Probable cases of SARS – worldwide Probable cases of SARS by country or region, 1 November 2002 – 31 July 2003 [34] Country or region Cases Deaths Fatality (%) China [a] 5,327 349 6.6 Hong Kong 1,755 299 17.0 Taiwan [b] 346 73 [35] [36] 21.1 Canada 251 43 17.1 Singapore 238 33 13.9 Vietnam 63 5 7.9 United States 27 00 Philippines 14 2 14.3 Thailand 9 2 22.2 Germany 9 00 Mongolia 9 00 France 7 1 14.3 Australia 6 00 Malaysia 5 2 40.0 Sweden 5 00 United Kingdom 4 00 Italy 4 00 Brazil 3 00 India 3 00 South Korea 3 00 Indonesia 2 00 South Africa 1 1 100.0 Colombia 1 00 Kuwait 1 00 Ireland 1 00 Macao 1 00 New Zealand 1 00 Romania 1 00 Russia 1 00 Spain 1 00 Switzerland 1 00 Total excluding China [a] 2,769 454 16.4 Total (29 territories) 8,096 774 9.6 ^ a b Figures for China exclude Hong Kong and Macau, which are reported separately by the WHO . ^ After 11 July 2003, 325 Taiwanese cases were 'discarded'. ... For a more detailed news coverage in Chinese, see: "石正丽团队两年前已发现蝙蝠冠状病毒感染人现象" . The Beijing News [ 新京报 ]. 26 February 2020. ^ a b c Chan-Yeung M, Xu RH (November 2003). ... Retrieved 4 February 2020 . ^ "衛生署針對報載SARS死亡人數有極大差異乙事提出說明" (in Chinese). 台灣衛生福利部疾病管制署. 16 June 2003.
A rare pulmonary disease induced by SARS-CoV coronavirus infection, with a reported incubation period varying from 2 to 7 days. Patients present flu-like symptoms, including fever, malaise, myalgia, headache, diarrhoea, and rigors. Dry, nonproductive, cough and dyspnea are frequently reported. Severe cases evolve rapidly, progressing to respiratory distress and failure, requiring intensive care. Mortality rate is 10%. The disease appeared in 2002 in southern China, subsequently spreading in 2003 to 26 countries. Reported human-to-human transmission occurred in Toronto (Canada), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, Chinese Taipei, Singapore, and Hanoi (Viet Nam).
One of the original Usenet posts asking for help] Sun Wei's first statement on Tianya Club (in Chinese, "孙维的声明－－驳斥朱令铊中毒案件引发的谣言") , December 30, 2005, retrieved on April 19, 2013 Sun Wei's second statement on Tianya Club (in Chinese, "声明:要求重新侦查，为"窃听器"错误向网友和公安道歉") , January 13, 2006, retrieved on April 19, 2013 The whole story about the Poisoning of Zhu Ling (in Chinese, "朱令被投毒事件始末", PDF file)
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), also called sleeping sickness, is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by a protozoa of the Trypanosoma genus transmitted by the bite of a tsetse fly (genus Glossina ), that is found under its chronic form (average duration of 3 years) in western and central Africa (in case of the T. brucei gambiense sub-species), and under its acute form (lasting from few weeks to 6 months) in eastern and southern Africa (in case of the T. brucei rhodesiense sub-species). HAT comprises an initial hemo-lymphatic stage characterized by fever, weakness, musculoskeletal pain, anemia, and lymphadenopathy, along with dermatologic, cardiac and endocrine complications or hepatosplenomegaly, followed by a meningo-encephalitic stage characterized by neurologic involvement (sleep disturbances, psychiatric disorders, seizures) that progresses, in the absence of treatment, towards a fatal meningoencephalitis.
Glycogen storage disease type 0 (also known as GSD 0) is a condition caused by the body's inability to form a complex sugar called glycogen, which is a major source of stored energy in the body. GSD 0 has two types: in muscle GSD 0, glycogen formation in the muscles is impaired, and in liver GSD 0, glycogen formation in the liver is impaired. The signs and symptoms of muscle GSD 0 typically begin in early childhood. ... Because some people with muscle GSD 0 die from sudden cardiac arrest early in life before a diagnosis is made and many with liver GSD 0 have mild signs and symptoms, it is thought that GSD 0 may be underdiagnosed. Causes Mutations in the GYS1 gene cause muscle GSD 0, and mutations in the GYS2 gene cause liver GSD 0.
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that liver glycogen storage disease-0 (GSD0A) is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the GYS2 gene (138571), which encodes glycogen synthase-2, on chromosome 12p12. ... Mapping Orho et al. (1998) established linkage of glycogen storage disease 0 to intragenic and flanking polymorphic markers of the GYS2 gene on chromosome 12p12.2. Molecular Genetics In affected members of 5 families with liver glycogen storage disease 0, Orho et al. (1998) identified homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the GYS2 gene (138571.0001-138571.0008) Inheritance - Autosomal recessive Neuro - Seizures Lab - Glycogen synthetase deficiency Metabolic - Neonatal hypoglycemia - Fasting hypoglycemia - Fasting hyperketonemia - Hyperglycemia and hyperlactatemia with feeding ▲ Close
Glycogen storage disease type 0, liver (liver GSD 0), a form of glycogen storage disease (GSD), is a rare abnormality of glycogen metabolism (how the body uses and stores glycogen, the storage form of glucose). Unlike other types of GSD, liver GSD 0 does not involve excessive or abnormal glycogen storage, and causes moderately decreased glycogen stores in the liver. ... This condition differs from another form of GSD 0 which chiefly affects the muscles and heart ( Glycogen storage disease type 0, muscle ) and is thought to be caused by mutations in the GYS1 gene.
A genetically inherited anomaly of glycogen metabolism and a form of glycogen storage disease (GSD) characterized by fasting hypoglycemia. This is not a glycogenosis, strictly speaking, as the enzyme deficiency decreases glycogen reserves. Epidemiology It is an extremely rare disease; about 20 cases have been reported in the literature so far. Clinical description It commonly appears in infancy or in early childhood. Patients present with morning fatigue and fasting hypoglycemia (without hepatomegaly) associated with hyperketonemia but without hyperalaninemia or hyperlactacidemia.
Glycogen storage disease type 0 Glycogen storage disease type 0 has defect in glycogen synthase Specialty Medical genetics Glycogen storage disease type 0 is a disease characterized by a deficiency in the glycogen synthase enzyme (GSY). ... Serum electrolytes calculate the anion gap to determine presence of metabolic acidosis ; typically, patients with glycogen-storage disease type 0 (GSD-0) have an anion gap in the reference range and no acidosis. ... In patients with glycogen-storage disease type 0, hyperlipidemia is absent or mild and proportional to the degree of fasting. ... In patients with glycogen-storage disease type 0, urine ketones findings are positive, and urine-reducing substance findings are negative. ... The identification of asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic siblings in several glycogen-storage disease type 0 families has suggested that glycogen-storage disease type 0 is underdiagnosed. [2] Mortality/Morbidity [ edit ] The major morbidity is a risk of fasting hypoglycemia, which can vary in severity and frequency.
Jaypee Brothers Publishers. 2007. pp. 347–. ISBN 978-81-8061-996-0 . ^ Leonard J. Deftos (1 January 1998). ... Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 73–. ISBN 978-0-7591-2332-8 . ^ Vasan; R.S. (1 January 1998). ... Biochemistry and Function of Sterols . CRC Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN 978-0-8493-7674-0 . ^ Michael Crocetti; Michael A. ... Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 564–. ISBN 978-0-7817-3770-8 . ^ W. Steven Pray (2006). ... Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 1281–. ISBN 978-0-323-08678-3 . ^ Guy I. Benrubi (28 March 2012).
Neonatal Skin: Structure and Function . CRC Press. pp. 67–. ISBN 978-0-8247-0887-0 . ^ Mariagrazia Stracquadanio; Lilliana Ciotta (20 April 2015). ... A Woman Doctor's Guide to Skin Care: Essential Facts and Information on Keeping Skin Healthy . Hyperion. ISBN 978-0-7868-8100-0 . ^ Sarah Bekaert (2007). ... CUP Archive. pp. 321–. ISBN 978-0-521-22673-8 . ^ Raphael Rubin; David S. ... Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 816–. ISBN 978-0-7817-9516-6 . ^ Andrea Dunaif; R. ... Academic Press. 3 October 1994. pp. 1994–. ISBN 978-0-08-058373-0 . Further reading [ edit ] Shukla, G.
Laryngo-tracheo-esophageal cleft (LC) type 0 is a congenital respiratory tract anomaly characterized by a submucosal laryngo-tracheo-esophageal cleft with minor symptoms or an asymptomatic course. ... Clinical description Subjects with type 0 LC may have no obvious symptoms or mild symptoms such as occasional aspirations.
Louis: Mosby. p. 1673. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0 . ^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology . (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0 . ^ Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine . (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0 . This Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, cysts article is a stub .
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that nevus comedonicus (NC) is caused by somatic mutation in the NEK9 gene (609798) on chromosome 14q24. Description Nevus comedonicus (NC) is a rare type of epidermal nevus with predilection for the face and neck area. The condition develops within the first decade of life in most patients. NC is characterized by dilated, plugged follicular ostia containing lamellar keratinaceous material and grouped in a honeycomb pattern; the distribution of lesions may be unilateral, bilateral, linear, interrupted, segmental, or along the lines of Blaschko. NC may be nonpyogenic with an acne-like appearance or associated with the formation of cysts, papules, pustules, and abscesses.
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology . (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0 . ^ Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine . (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0 . ^ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). ... St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0 . External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : Q82.5 OMIM : 617025 External resources Orphanet : 64754 This Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, cysts article is a stub .
A rare, syndromic nevus characterized by the association of typically unilateral, closely arranged, linear, slightly elevated, multiple, nevus comedonicus lesions located usually on the face, neck, trunk or limbs (with or without a central, dark, firm, hyperkeratotic plug and secondary acneiform lesions) with extracutaneous ocular, skeletal, and/or central nervous system abnormalities, such as ipsilateral cataract, corneal erosion, poly-/syndactyly, absent fifth finger, scoliosis, vertebral defects, corpus callosum agenesis, seizures, interhemispheric cyst, intellectual deficiency, and/or developmental delay.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1152. ISBN 0-7817-7513-2 . ^ Pryse-Phillips, William (2003). ... Oxford University Press US. p. 587. ISBN 0-19-515938-1 . ^ Bradley, Walter George (2004). ... Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 2695. ISBN 0-7817-5777-0 . ^ Miller, Neil R.; Frank Burton Walsh; Valérie Biousse; William Fletcher Hoyt (2005). ... Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1289. ISBN 0-7817-4811-9 . ^ a b Loder, Elizabeth; Dawn A. ... McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 127. ISBN 0-07-105467-7 . ^ G. D. Schott (2007).
Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine . (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0 . ^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology . (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0 . This condition of the skin appendages article is a stub .
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology . (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0 . ^ Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine . (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0 . This Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, cysts article is a stub .
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology . Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0 . ^ Geoffrey V. Gill; Nick Beeching (1 March 2004). ... Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 33–. ISBN 978-0-632-06496-0 . Retrieved 14 May 2010 .
Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine . (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0 . ^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology . (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0 . This condition of the skin appendages article is a stub .
Description Pseudopili annulati is an unusual variant of normal hair characterized by a banded appearance of the hair under reflective light, as observed in pili annulati (180600), but resulting from a distinct underlying physical defect. There is no increased hair fragility (Price et al., 1970). Clinical Features Price et al. (1970) reported a 9-year-old girl with blond hair whose scalp hair showed light and dark banding since infancy. Light microscopy showed that the banding appeared only if the light struck the hair at right angles to the long axis of the hair, which was distinct from that observed with pili annulati. Polarizing light indicated variability in the thickness of the hair shaft, and illuminating light did not show bands, 2 additional features that distinguished it from pili annulati. Further examination of the hair shaft showed that the pseudopili annulati hairs had periodic widening and narrowing, that the fiber cross-section was roughly elliptical, and that a periodic twisting of the hair (30 to 40 degrees in 2 alternating directions) was superimposed on the ellipticity.
Description Pili annulati, or 'ringed hair,' is a disorder in which scalp hairs show alternating light and dark bands. It is often an incidental finding, and the hair usually does not show increased fragility (Green et al., 2004). See also pseudopili annulati (613241), a distinct entity. Clinical Features Cady and Trotter (1920) reported 3 unrelated families with ringed hair. The condition was restricted to hairs on the scalp. Based on refractive patterns under transmitted and reflective light, Cady and Trotter (1920) concluded that the light areas were caused by the presence of gas in the interstices of the medulla and cortex of the hair shaft, and not by lack of pigmentation. Ashley and Jacques (1950) reported a 4-generation pedigree with ringed hair inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.
Pili annulati is a hair disorder. In pili annulati, affected hair has a pattern of light and dark banding. People with pili annulati may describe their hair as "striped" or as having silvery beads. Pili annulati typically involves 20-80% of scalp hair, however it can involve facial and body hair as well. Affected hairs may be more prone to breakage. Pili annulati can present in infancy, childhood, or later in life. It can be seen with the naked eye, however it may be more difficult to see in people with dark hair.
Pili annulati is an isolated, benign hair shaft abnormality, usually presenting after the age of 2 and affecting the hair of the scalp or very rarely beard, axillary, or pubic hair, that is characterized by a banded or speckled appearance due to alternating light bands (corresponding to air-filled cavities within the cortex of the affected hair shafts) and dark bands. The bands have a lifelong duration, may only be detectable under light microscopy, are more apparent in fair-colored hair or with age-related graying, and have no effect on hair growth or fragility in the vast majority of cases.
