A rare tumor characterized by a rapidly growing mass usually arising along the midline, defined by the presence of NUTM1 rearrangements. Histopathological examination shows a poorly differentiated carcinoma, often with evidence of squamous differentiation. Patients present with unspecific signs and symptoms due to mass effect, depending on the location. Extensive local invasion of adjacent structures, lymph node involvement, and distant metastatic disease are often present at the time of diagnosis. Prognosis is generally poor.

Inheritance Eisen et al. (1997, 1998) studied 3,359 mono- and dizygotic U.S. male twin pairs who had served in the military and found that inherited factors explained between 37 and 55% of the prevalence of 5 individual symptoms of pathologic gambling (attempts to wind back losses at same place, gambling larger amounts than intended, repeated efforts to reduce or stop gambling, frequent preoccupation with gambling, and increase betting to maintain interest) from DSM-III-R for which data was informative.

urge to continuously gamble despite harmful negative consequences or a desire to stop Problem gambling Other names Ludomania, degenerate gambling, gambling addiction, compulsive gambling, gambling disorder Specialty Psychiatry , clinical psychology Symptoms Spending a lot of money and time in casino/sports betting, Video game addiction [1] Addiction and dependence glossary [2] [3] [4] [5] addiction – a biopsychosocial disorder characterized by persistent use of drugs (including alcohol) despite substantial harm and adverse consequences addictive behavior – a behavior that is both rewarding and reinforcing addictive drug – a drug that is both rewarding and reinforcing dependence – an adaptive state associated with a withdrawal syndrome upon cessation of repeated exposure to a stimulus (e.g., drug intake) drug sensitization or reverse tolerance – the escalating effect of a drug resulting from repeated administration at a given dose drug withdrawal – symptoms that occur upon cessation of repeated drug use physical dependence – dependence that involves persistent physical– somatic withdrawal symptoms (e.g., fatigue and delirium tremens ) psychological dependence – dependence that involves emotional–motivational withdrawal symptoms (e.g., dysphoria and anhedonia ) reinforcing stimuli – stimuli that increase the probability of repeating behaviors paired with them rewarding stimuli – stimuli that the brain interprets as intrinsically positive and desirable or as something to approach sensitization – an amplified response to a stimulus resulting from repeated exposure to it substance use disorder – a condition in which the use of substances leads to clinically and functionally significant impairment or distress tolerance – the diminishing effect of a drug resulting from repeated administration at a given dose v t e Problem gambling is an urge to gamble continuously despite negative consequences or a desire to stop. ... These authors point out that social factors may be a far more important determinant of gambling behaviour than brain chemicals and they suggest that a social model may be more useful in understanding the issue. [29] For example, an apparent increase in problem gambling in the UK may be better understood as a consequence of changes in legislation which came into force in 2007 and enabled casinos, bookmakers, and online betting sites to advertise on TV and radio for the first time and which eased restrictions on the opening of betting shops and online gambling sites. [30] Pathological gambling is similar to many other impulse control disorders such as kleptomania . [31] According to evidence from both community- and clinic-based studies, individuals who are pathological gamblers are highly likely to exhibit other psychiatric problems concurrently, including substance use disorders , mood and anxiety disorders , or personality disorders . [32] Pathological gambling shows several similarities with substance abuse. ... Jackson and Shane A.Thomas a survey done from 1994–2008 in Tasmania gave results that gambling participation rates have risen rather than fallen over this period. [53] Prevalence [ edit ] Europe [ edit ] In Europe, the rate of problem gambling is typically 0.5 to 3 percent. [54] The "British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2007", conducted by the United Kingdom Gambling Commission, found approximately 0.6 percent of the adult population had problem gambling issues—the same percentage as in 1999. [55] The highest prevalence of problem gambling was found among those who participated in spread betting (14.7%), fixed odds betting terminals (11.2%), and betting exchanges (9.8%). [55] In Norway, a December 2007 study showed the amount of present problem gamblers was 0.7 percent. [56] With gambling addiction on the rise and across Europe in particular, the voices calling gambling a disease has been gaining grounds. ... PMID 25167843 . ^ "Problem Gaming" (PDF) . European Gaming and Betting Association . Retrieved April 4, 2012 . ^ a b Wardle, Heather; Sproston, Kerry; Orford, Jim; Erens, Bob; Griffiths, Mark; Constantine, Rebecca; Pigott, Sarah (September 2007).

Tietze syndrome is an inflammatory condition characterized by chest pain and swelling of the cartilage around the ribs. Specifically, people with Tietze syndrome have swelling of the cartilage that joins the upper ribs to the breastbone. This is called the costochondral junction. Signs and symptoms of this condition usually develop in people who are under the age of 40. Symptoms include mild to severe chest pain that may extend into the arms and shoulders. The chest, shoulders, and arms may also have redness and warmth. In some cases, Tietze syndrome may resolve on its own without treatment, while other people experience patterns of pain followed by some relief of pain.

Overview Costochondritis (kos-toe-kon-DRY-tis) is an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the breastbone (sternum). Pain caused by costochondritis might mimic that of a heart attack or other heart conditions. Costochondritis Costochondritis most commonly affects the upper ribs on the left-hand side of your body. Pain is often worst where the rib cartilage attaches to the breastbone (sternum), but it can also occur where the cartilage attaches to the rib. Costochondritis is sometimes known as chest wall pain syndrome, costosternal syndrome or costosternal chondrodynia.

Not to be confused with Tietz syndrome . This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Tietze syndrome" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( August 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Tietze syndrome Other names Chondropathia tuberosa, costochondral junction syndrome Sternocostals and interchondral articulations. Anterior view. ( Costal cartilages visible on diagram.) Specialty Rheumatology Tietze syndrome (also called costochondral junction syndrome ) is a benign inflammation of one or more of the costal cartilages . [1] It was first described in 1921 by the German surgeon Alexander Tietze (1864–1927). [2] [3] Tietze syndrome is not the same as costochondritis . [4] Tietze syndrome is differentiated from costochondritis by swelling of the costal cartilages, which does not appear in costochondritis. Like costochondritis, it was at one time thought to be associated with, or caused by, a viral infection acquired during surgery.

Overview Morning sickness is feeling like throwing up, also called nausea, and throwing up, also called vomiting, that occurs during pregnancy. Despite its name, morning sickness can strike at any time of the day or night. Many people have morning sickness, especially during the first three months of pregnancy. But some people have morning sickness all through pregnancy. Home remedies, such as snacking during the day and sipping ginger ale or taking medicine you can buy without a prescription, might help relieve nausea. Rarely, morning sickness is so bad that it turns into hyperemesis gravidarum.

This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Myoclonus" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( July 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Myoclonus Play media A person with a myoclonus following a peripheral nerve block Specialty Neurology Myoclonus is a brief, involuntary, irregular (lacking rhythm) twitching (different from clonus , which is rhythmic/ regular) of a muscle or a group of muscles. It describes a medical sign and, generally, is not a diagnosis of a disease . These myoclonic twitches , jerks , or seizures are usually caused by sudden muscle contractions ( positive myoclonus ) or brief lapses of contraction ( negative myoclonus ). The most common circumstance under which they occur is while falling asleep ( hypnic jerk ).

Overview Croup refers to an infection of the upper airway, which becomes narrow, making it harder to breathe. Croup also causes a cough that sounds like barking. The cough and other signs and symptoms of croup are the result of swelling and irritation around the voice box (larynx), windpipe (trachea) and bronchial tubes (bronchi). When a cough forces air through this narrowed passageway, the swollen vocal cords produce a noise like a seal barking. Taking a breath often produces a high-pitched whistling sound called stridor. Healthy airway This shows a child's healthy airway. Croup When the upper airway is infected with the virus that causes croup, tissues around the voice box (larynx) and the windpipe (trachea) will swell.

Overview Aplastic anemia is a condition that occurs when your body stops producing enough new blood cells. The condition leaves you fatigued and more prone to infections and uncontrolled bleeding. A rare and serious condition, aplastic anemia can develop at any age. It can occur suddenly, or it can come on slowly and worsen over time. It can be mild or severe. Treatment for aplastic anemia might include medications, blood transfusions or a stem cell transplant, also known as a bone marrow transplant.