-
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
Mayo_clinic
If you don't regularly see a care provider, you may be able to get a free blood pressure screening at a health resource fair or other locations in your community. Free blood pressure machines are also available in some stores and pharmacies. ... Keep an open dialogue with your medical team about your goals and personal preferences. Communication, trust and collaboration are key to long-term success managing your blood pressure.
-
Ephebiphobia
Wikipedia
Retrieved 5/9/08. ^ Zeldin, S. (2002). "Sense of community and positive adult beliefs toward adolescents and youth policy in urban neighborhoods and small cities". ... Oakland, CA: Author. ^ Collins, J. (2002). Gangs, Crime and Community Safety: Perceptions and Experiences in Multicultural Sydney Archived 2006-12-31 at the Wayback Machine Sydney: University of Technology. ^ Scottish Executive (2006) Measurement of the Extent of Youth Crime in Scotland. ^ Kozol, J. (2005) The Shame of a Nation: The Restoration of Apartheid Schooling in America . ... Goodman, P. (1964) Compulsory Miseducation and The Community of Scholars . New York: Vintage Books. ... "Ephebiphobia," The Freechild Project. v t e Youth empowerment Elements Evolving capacities Free-range parenting Intergenerational equity Leaving the nest Student voice Youth-adult partnership Youth mainstreaming Youth rights Youth voice Types Community youth development Popular education Anarchistic free school Democratic free school Positive youth development Student activism Student-centered learning Student rights Student voice Youth activism Youth council Youth court Youth engagement Youth leadership Youth-led media Youth movement Youth participation Youth philanthropy Youth service Youth suffrage Youth vote Youth voice Barriers Adultcentrism Adultism Age restrictions Ageism Control freak Fear of youth (ephebiphobia) Eleutherophobia Fear of children (pediaphobia) Gerontocracy Grounding Helicopter parent Infantilization Intrusiveness Narcissism Parental respect School-to-prison pipeline Vicariousness Paternalism Patriarchy Youth control complex Related articles The Catcher in the Rye Greaser Beatnik Teenage rebellion Beat Generation Subcultures of the 1950s Counterculture of the 1960s Defense of infancy Hippies Hungry generation International Youth Year The Teenage Liberation Handbook UK underground Index of youth rights-related articles v t e Discrimination General forms Age Caste Class Disability Education Economic Employment Genetic Hair texture Height Housing Language Looks Race / Ethnicity / Nationality Rank Sanity Sex Sexual orientation Size Skin color Social Acephobia Adultism Amatonormativity Anti-albinism Anti-autism Anti-homelessness Anti-intellectualism Anti-intersex Anti-left handedness Anti-Masonry Antisemitism (Judeophobia) Aporophobia Audism Biphobia Clannism Cronyism Drug use Elitism Ephebiphobia Fatism Gerontophobia Heteronormativity Heterosexism HIV/AIDS stigma Homophobia Leprosy stigma Lesbophobia Misandry Misogyny Nepotism Pedophobia Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Reverse Sectarianism Supremacism Black White Transphobia Non-binary Transmisogyny Vegaphobia Xenophobia Religious Ahmadiyya Atheism Baháʼí Faith Buddhism Catholicism Christianity post–Cold War era Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Islam Persecution Jehovah's Witnesses Judaism Persecution LDS or Mormon Neopaganism Eastern Orthodox Oriental Orthodox Protestantism Rastafarianism Shi'ism Sufism Zoroastrianism Ethnic/National African Albanian American Arab Armenian Australian Austrian British Canadian Catalan Chilean Chinese Croat Dutch English Estonian European Filipino Finnish French Georgian German Greek Haitian Hazara Hindu Hispanic Hungarian Igbo Indian Indonesian Iranian Irish Israeli Italian Japanese Jewish Khmer Korean Kurdish Malay Manchu Mexican Middle Eastern Mongolian Pakistani Pashtun Polish Portuguese Quebec Romani Romanian Russian Scottish Serb Slavic Somali Soviet Tatar Thai Turkish Ukrainian Venezuelan Vietnamese Western Manifestations Blood libel Bullying Compulsory sterilization Counter-jihad Cultural genocide Defamation Democide Disability hate crime Dog-whistle politics Eliminationism Enemy of the people Ethnic cleansing Ethnic conflict Ethnic hatred Ethnic joke Ethnocide Forced conversion Freak show Gay bashing Gendercide Genital modification and mutilation Genocide examples Glass ceiling Hate crime Hate group Hate speech Homeless dumping Indian rolling Lavender scare LGBT hate crimes Lynching Mortgage Murder music Native American sports mascots Occupational segregation Persecution Pogrom Purge Red Scare Religious persecution Religious terrorism Religious violence Religious war Scapegoating Segregation academy Sex-selective abortion Slavery Slut-shaming Trans bashing Victimisation Violence against women White flight White power music Wife selling Witch-hunt Discriminatory policies Age of candidacy Blood purity Blood quantum Crime of apartheid Disabilities Catholic Jewish Ethnocracy Ethnopluralism Gender pay gap Gender roles Gerontocracy Gerrymandering Ghetto benches Internment Jewish quota Jim Crow laws Law for Protection of the Nation McCarthyism MSM blood donation restrictions Nonpersons Numerus clausus (as religious or racial quota) Nuremberg Laws One-drop rule Racial quota Racial steering Redlining Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) Segregation age racial religious sexual Sodomy law State atheism State religion Ugly law Voter suppression Countermeasures Affirmative action Anti-discrimination law Cultural assimilation Cultural pluralism Diversity training Empowerment Feminism Fighting Discrimination Hate speech laws by country Human rights Intersex rights LGBT rights Masculism Multiculturalism Nonviolence Racial integration Reappropriation Self-determination Social integration Toleration Related topics Allophilia Anti-cultural, anti-national, and anti-ethnic terms Bias Christian privilege Civil liberties Cultural assimilation Dehumanization Diversity Ethnic penalty Eugenics Internalized oppression Intersectionality Male privilege Masculism Medical model of disability autism Multiculturalism Net bias Neurodiversity Oikophobia Oppression Police brutality Political correctness Polyculturalism Power distance Prejudice Prisoner abuse Racial bias in criminal news Racism by country Religious intolerance Second-generation gender bias Snobbery Social exclusion Social model of disability Social stigma Stereotype threat The talk White privilege Category
-
Aneurysm
Wikipedia
Examples include: Berry aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery of the circle of Willis , associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease [20] Familial thoracic aortic aneurysms Cirsoid aneurysms , secondary to congenital arteriovenous malformations Pathophysiology [ edit ] Aneurysms form for a variety of interacting reasons. ... "The Aphasias". Introduction to Neurogenic Communication Disorders . p. 93. ^ Byers PH.
-
Abortion In California
Wikipedia
California has an active abortion rights activist community. Society for Human Abortion was founded in 1963 in San Francisco. ... There is also an active anti-abortion rights community. Singer Pat Boone announced he recorded a song titled "Sixteen Thousand Faces" about the Los Angeles fetus disposal scandal in May 1985. ... SFGate ( San Francisco Chronicle ) . Hearst Communications, Inc . Retrieved 2011-01-27 . ^ "Tens of Thousands Crowd San Francisco Waterfront, Rally Against Abortion" (Press release).
-
Premature Ejaculation
Wikipedia
"Next Men's Clinic Erectile dysfunction in the community: trends over time in incidence, prevalence, GP consultation and medication use—the Krimpen study: trends in ED". ... John Mulhall], when we talk casually about premature ejaculation ... we're usually talking about what the medical community would consider 'premature-ejaculatory-like syndrome,' or simply 'rapid ejaculation.' ...
-
Abortion In North Carolina
Wikipedia
District Judge William Osteen formally struck down North Carolina's life of the mother only 20-week abortion ban. [2] The number of abortion-providing facilities in North Carolina, including freestanding abortion clinics, has declined over the years, with: 114 facilities providing abortion care in 1982, 86 facilities providing abortion care in 1992, 27 facilities providing abortion care in 2014 (16 of which were freestanding abortion clinics), and 26 facilities providing abortion care in 2017 (14 of which were freestanding clinics). [3] [4] The total number of abortions in the state have generally declined over time, with a 36% decrease from 1980 to 2013. [5] There is an abortion rights activist community in the state, with women participating in #YouKnowMe movement and in #StoptheBans movement in May 2019. ... Her petition was signed by 137,000 people on change.org in the expand of 3 days. “They’ll travel back to their communities across North Carolina and possibly spread COVID-19,” Baker told The Charlotte Observer. [67] Anti-abortion views and activities [ edit ] Anti-Abortion Chalking Outside Time Warner Cable Center in 2012 in Charlotte.
-
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure
Wikipedia
Early studies reported that people who had been exposed to crack in utero would be severely emotionally, mentally, and physically disabled; this belief became common in the scientific and lay communities. [2] Fears were widespread that a generation of crack babies were going to put severe strain on society and social services as they grew up. ... Reporting was often sensational , favoring the direst predictions and shutting out skeptics. [18] Powder (left) and crack cocaine (right) Reporting on the effects of PCE may have been affected by publication bias , a disproportionate publication of studies indicating more severe outcomes as the crack epidemic emerged. [19] Scientific studies that report that PCE has significant effects may be more likely to be published than those that do not. [20] Between 1980 and 1989, 57% of studies showing cocaine has effects on a fetus were accepted by the Society for Pediatric Research, compared with only 11% of studies showing no effects. [21] Findings that other factors such as prematurity were behind symptoms that cocaine-exposed babies showed did not "fit within the narrative of what had become a national scare" and were given less attention. [22] Ideas about severe effects of PCE may have been more readily embraced because they "fit in with cultural stereotypes". [22] At the time, the proposed mechanism by which cocaine harmed fetuses was as a stimulant—it was predicted that cocaine would disrupt normal development of parts of the brain that dealt with stimulation, resulting in problems like bipolar disorder and attention deficit disorder . [2] Reports from the mid-1980s to early 90s raised concerns about links between PCE and slowed growth, deformed limbs, defects of the kidneys and genitourinary and gastrointestinal systems , neurological damage, small head size , atrophy or cysts in the cerebral cortex , bleeding into the brain's ventricles , and obstruction of blood supply in the central nervous system . [19] After the early studies that reported that PCE children would be severely disabled came studies that purported to show that cocaine exposure in utero has no important effects. [17] Almost every prenatal complication originally thought to be due directly to PCE was found to result from confounding factors such as poor maternal nutrition, use of other drugs, depression , and lack of prenatal care . [23] More recently the scientific community has begun to reach an understanding that PCE does have some important effects but that they are not severe as was predicted in the early studies. [17] The effects of PCE are subtle but they exist. [19] [24] [25] Most people who were exposed to cocaine in utero are normal or close to it. [12] Pathophysiology [ edit ] Cocaine is a small enough molecule to pass across the placental barrier into the bloodstream of the fetus. [26] Cocaine, a small molecule, is able to cross the placenta into the bloodstream of the fetus. [26] [27] In fact it may be present in a higher concentration in the amniotic fluid than it is in the mother's bloodstream. [28] The skin of the fetus is able to absorb the chemical directly from the amniotic fluid until the 24th week of pregnancy. [28] Cocaine can also show up in breast milk and affect the nursing baby. [28] [29] The severity of effects depends on how much of the drug is used, how often, and the stage in the development of the fetus. [30] Cocaine prevents the reuptake of the neurotransmitters dopamine , serotonin , and norepinephrine . [20] Thus they stay in the synapse longer, causing excitement of the sympathetic nervous system and evoking a stress response. [21] The euphoria experienced by cocaine users is thought to be largely due to the way it prevents the neurotransmitter serotonin from being reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron which released it. [31] [1] [20] Use of cocaine during pregnancy can negatively affect both the mother and the fetus, [21] but the ways in which it affects the fetus are poorly understood. [23] There are three main mechanisms by which cocaine exposure harms a fetus: by altering brain chemistry , by altering the expression of certain genes , and by the constriction of blood vessels. [1] The neurotransmitters affected by cocaine are involved in the development of the fetus's brain, [30] so the drug may affect fetal development directly by altering the development of the brain's monoaminergic system. [32] The most important way cocaine affects fetal development is by binding to dopamine receptors . [12] Another possible mechanism by which cocaine harms the fetus may be in part by interfering with blood supply to the uterus. [28] [33] Cocaine causes vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) in both mother and fetus, which can cause hypoxia in the fetus. [34] Constricting blood vessels causes tissues to receive insufficient blood flow, killing cells, but this effect is less pronounced with cocaine than with nicotine . [8] The reduction in blood flow to the uterus limits the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. [16] Cocaine also constricts the blood vessels in the fetus, which is potentially linked to slowed fetal growth and abnormal development of the genitourinary , cardiovascular , digestive , and musculoskeletal systems . [30] Cocaine causes changes in the mother's blood pressure that are thought to be the cause of strokes in the fetus; one study found that 6% of cocaine-exposed infants had had one or more strokes. [28] Such prenatal strokes may be the cause of neurological problems found in some cocaine-exposed infants after birth. [5] Blood vessel contraction can also cause premature labor and premature birth. [16] Cocaine has also been found to enhance the contractility of the tissue in the uterus , another factor that has been suggested as a possible mechanism for its contribution to increased prematurity rates. [33] Increased contractility of the uterus may also be behind the increased likelihood of placental abruption (the placenta tearing away from the uterine wall) which some findings have linked with PCE. [21] Diagnosis [ edit ] Cocaine use during pregnancy can be discovered by asking the mother, but sometimes women will not admit to having used drugs. [35] Mothers may lie for fear of prosecution [35] or having their children taken away, but even when they are willing to tell the truth their memories may not be very accurate. [8] It may also not be possible to be sure of the purity of the drug they have taken. [36] More reliable methods for detecting cocaine exposure involve testing the newborn's hair or meconium (the infant's earliest stool). [37] Hair analysis, however, can give false positives for cocaine exposure, [37] and a newborn may not have enough hair to test. [8] The newborn's urine can be tested for cocaine and metabolites , but it must be collected as soon as possible after birth. [36] It is not known how long after exposure the markers will still show up in a newborn's urine. [35] The mother's urine can also be tested for drugs, but it cannot detect drugs used too far in the past or determine how much or how often the drugs were used. [8] Tests cannot generally detect cocaine use over a week prior to sample collection. [35] Mothers are more honest about cocaine use when their urine is also tested, but many users still deny it. [35] Both maternal and neonatal urine tests can give false negatives . [35] Effects and prognosis [ edit ] Studies have returned widely varying reports of the effects of PCE: some claim the physical disabilities are severe and generalized, others find specific effects, others none all. [1] The timing of the dose of the drug is an important determinant of outcome, in addition to how much is used, for how long, and what kind of care is rendered after birth. [1] Drug use in the first trimester is the most harmful to the fetus in terms of neurological and developmental outcome. [38] The effects of PCE later in a child's life are poorly understood; there is little information about the effects of in utero cocaine exposure on children over the age of five years old. [4] Some studies have found PCE-related differences in height and weight while others have not; these differences are generally either small or are gone by the time children are school age. [4] Much is still not known about what factors may exist to aid children who were exposed to cocaine in utero . [23] It is unknown if the effects of PCE are increased once children reach adolescence, or whether the neural rewiring that occurs during this developmental period attenuates the effects. [20] A review of 27 studies performed between 2006 and 2012 found that cognitive development was mildly to moderately affected in PCE adolescents, but it was not clear how important these effects were in practical terms. [20] Unlike fetal alcohol syndrome , no set of characteristics has been discovered that results uniquely from cocaine exposure in utero . [23] Cocaine exposure in utero may affect the structure and function of the brain, predisposing children to developmental problems later, or these effects may be explained by children of crack-using mothers being at higher risk for domestic violence , deadbeat parenting , and maternal depression . [4] When researchers are able to identify effects of PCE, these effects are typically small. [23] Pregnancy and birth [ edit ] Premature baby Studies have found after controlling for other factors that some effects are present in pregnancies involving cocaine: abruptio placenta , prematurity , low birth weight , and small size compared to babies of the same gestational time. [27] PCE newborns have smaller heads and shorter bodies. [9] [1] PCE effects are more severe when the amounts of cocaine are greater. [27] As many as 17–27% of cocaine-using pregnant women deliver prematurely. [33] In association with prematurity, growth in the womb is reduced, and low birth weight is connected to PCE. [20] There are also data associating spontaneous abortion with cocaine use. [15] Cocaine reduces the appetite and has been linked with reduced maternal weight gain during pregnancy; in addition, constriction of the blood vessels may further limit supply of nutrients to the fetus. [39] Using cocaine while pregnant also heightens the chances of maternal and fetal vitamin deficiencies, respiratory distress syndrome for the baby, and infarction of the bowels. [28] Early reports found that cocaine-exposed babies were at high risk for sudden infant death syndrome ; [19] however, by itself, cocaine exposure during fetal development has not subsequently been identified as a risk factor for the syndrome. [40] Some, but not all, PCE children experience hypertonia (excessive muscle tone ), [41] and reduced reflexes and motor function have been found in babies four to six weeks old. [20] While newborns who were exposed prenatally to drugs such as barbiturates or heroin frequently have symptoms of drug withdrawal ( neonatal abstinence syndrome ), this does not happen with babies exposed to crack in utero ; at least, such symptoms are difficult to separate in the context of other factors such as prematurity or prenatal exposure to other drugs. [16] Mental, emotional, and behavioral outcomes [ edit ] Studies have shown small deficits in behavioral, cognitive, attention, emotional, and language function in PCE infants, children, and adolescents. [20] However, other studies attribute findings of negative effects on cognitive development to confounding factors. [8] Studies suggest that the environment in which a child grows up makes a more important contribution to outcome in cognitive, behavioral and other outcomes than does the cocaine exposure itself. [9] School performance is mildly affected in older children. [27] In IQ studies, cocaine-exposed children do not appear to score lower than others. [1] Although PCE is correlated with low IQ scores, scientists generally believe that PCE alone does not cause this effect; rather it is more likely due to associated factors. [9] In school-age and younger children, PCE does not appear in studies to predispose children to poorer intellectual performance. [4] Poor performance on IQ tests could actually be due to trouble with sustaining attention if the tests fail to account for this factor separately. [8] Cocaine causes impaired growth of the fetus's brain, an effect that is most pronounced with high levels of cocaine and prolonged duration of exposure throughout all three trimesters of pregnancy. [41] Prenatal cocaine exposure has been found to affect the cognitive performance of individuals and affect speech and language development, behavior, physical and cognitive growth, and function.
-
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Wikipedia
Lowering the volume of sound at its source, limiting the time of exposure and physical protection can reduce the impact of excessive noise. [4] If not prevented, hearing loss can be managed through assistive devices and communication strategies. The largest burden of NIHL has been through occupational exposures; however, noise-induced hearing loss can also be due to unsafe recreational, residential, social and military service-related noise exposures. [5] It is estimated that 15% of young people are exposed to sufficient leisure noises (i.e. concerts, sporting events, daily activities, personal listening devices, etc.) to cause NIHL. [6] There is not a limited list of noise sources that can cause hearing loss; rather, exposure to excessively high levels from any sound source over time can cause hearing loss. ... Negative impacts [ edit ] The negative impacts of NIHL on one's ability to reciprocate communication, socialize and interact with society are largely invisible. ... Hearing protection programs have been hindered by people not wearing the protection for various reasons, including the desire to converse, uncomfortable devices, lack of concern about the need for protection, and social pressure against wearing protection. [57] Although youth are at risk for hearing loss, one study found that 96.3% of parents did not believe their adolescents were at risk, and only 69% had talked to their children about hearing protection; those aware of NIHL risks were more likely to talk to their teens. [98] A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions to promote the use of hearing protection devices such as earplugs and earmuffs among workers found that tailored interventions improve the average use of such devices when compared with no intervention. [99] Tailored interventions involve the use of communication or other types of interventions that are specific to an individual or a group and aim to change behavior. [99] Mixed interventions such as mailings, distribution of hearing protection devices, noise assessments, and hearing testing are also more effective in improving the use of hearing protection devices compared with hearing testing alone. [99] Programs that increased the proportion of workers wearing hearing protection equipment did reduce overall hearing loss. [43] Hearing conservation programs [ edit ] Main article: Hearing conservation program Workers in general industry who are exposed to noise levels above 85 dBA are required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to be in a hearing conservation program (HCP), which includes noise measurement, noise control , periodic audiometric testing, hearing protection , worker education, and record keeping. ... Dangerous Decibels aims to significantly reduce the prevalence of noise induced hearing loss and tinnitus through exhibits, education and research. [93] We’re hEAR for You is a small non-profit that distributes information and ear plugs at concert and music festival venues. [101] The Buy Quiet program was created to combat occupational noise exposures by promoting the purchase of quieter tools and equipment and encourage manufacturers to design quieter equipment. [102] The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders developed the It's a Noisy Planet. ... While hair cells are generally not replaced through cell regeneration, [126] mechanisms are being studied to induce replacement of these important cells. [127] One study involves the replacement of damaged hair cells with regenerated cells, via the mechanism of gene transfer of atonal gene Math1 to pluripotent stem cells within the inner ear. [128] Other atonal genes are being studied to induce regeneration of hair cells in the inner ear. [126] Management [ edit ] For people living with NIHL, there are several management options that can improve the ability to communicate. These options include counseling, amplification, and other assisted listening devices, such as frequency modulation (FM) systems. [129] FM systems can enhance the use of hearing aids and overcome the effects of poor listening conditions because the signal is sent from the microphone worn by the speaker directly to the listener. [130] The prognosis has improved with the recent advancements in digital hearing aid technology, such as directional microphones, open-fit hearing aids, and more advanced algorithms.
-
Koro (Medicine)
Wikipedia
For example, koro may fit into the group of "specific culture-imposed nosophobia " (classification with cardinal sign), [24] "the genital retraction taxon" (classification with common factors between syndromes), [25] and the group with "culture-related beliefs as causes for the occurrence" (classification according to how the syndromes might be affected by cultural factors). [26] Various authors have attempted to distinguish between complete and incomplete forms of koro, along with cultural and non-cultural forms. [17] Cultural forms are said to involve a cultural belief or myth which plays a role in the genesis and spread of the disease in the community. These are regarded as complete forms of koro, matching all the symptoms required for diagnosis without significant co-morbidity. [17] [10] Differentiation into primary koro, a culture-bound expression, and secondary koro. ... PMID 17727356 . ^ "Top 10 Little-Known Mental Disorders" . Discovery Communications . Retrieved 15 July 2012 . ^ a b c d e Chowdhury, Arabinda N.
-
Forced Abortion Of Feng Jianmei
Wikipedia
Several witnesses reported that four men carried Feng out of the house with a pillowcase over her head. [8] Simultaneously, family planning officials were in communication with Feng's husband, Deng Jiyuan. ... "Even when they do something illegal it is rare for them to be held responsible." [15] [29] In response to the lawsuit threats, local officials cancelled a planned meeting to discuss the living stipend, saying they would wait for Jiyuan's return to Zeng Jia Township. [29] A community bulletin board in Nonguang Village, Sichuan province keeps track of the town's female population, listing recent births by name and noting that several thousand yuan of fines for unauthorized births remain unpaid from the previous year Judge Xie Xue told reporters that forced abortion would not be classified as homicide or kidnapping , but could qualify as an intentional injury crime.
-
Abortion In Kazakhstan
Wikipedia
The successful reduction of the abortion rate was due to the efforts in education, information and communication (like the Red Apple campaign on social media) which encouraged the population to use modern contraceptive methods. ... CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) v t e Abortion in Asia Sovereign states Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus East Timor (Timor-Leste) Egypt Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen States with limited recognition Abkhazia Artsakh Northern Cyprus Palestine South Ossetia Taiwan Dependencies and other territories British Indian Ocean Territory Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Hong Kong Macau Book Category Asia portal v t e Abortion Main topics Definitions History Methods Abortion debate Philosophical aspects Abortion law Movements Abortion-rights movements Anti-abortion movements Issues Abortion and mental health Beginning of human personhood Beginning of pregnancy controversy Abortion-breast cancer hypothesis Anti-abortion violence Abortion under communism Birth control Crisis pregnancy center Ethical aspects of abortion Eugenics Fetal rights Forced abortion Genetics and abortion Late-term abortion Legalized abortion and crime effect Libertarian perspectives on abortion Limit of viability Malthusianism Men's rights Minors and abortion Natalism One-child policy Paternal rights and abortion Prenatal development Reproductive rights Self-induced abortion Sex-selective abortion Sidewalk counseling Societal attitudes towards abortion Socialism Toxic abortion Unsafe abortion Women's rights By country Africa Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Egypt Ghana Kenya Namibia Nigeria South Africa Uganda Zimbabwe Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus East Timor Georgia India Iran Israel Japan Kazakhstan South Korea Malaysia Nepal Northern Cyprus Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore Turkey United Arab Emirates Vietnam Yemen Europe Albania Andorra Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom North America Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic El Salvador Guatemala Mexico Nicaragua Panama Trinidad and Tobago United States Oceania Australia Micronesia Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands New Zealand Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu South America Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela Law Case law Constitutional law History of abortion law Laws by country Buffer zones Conscientious objection Fetal protection Heartbeat bills Informed consent Late-term restrictions Parental involvement Spousal consent Methods Vacuum aspiration Dilation and evacuation Dilation and curettage Intact D&X Hysterotomy Instillation Menstrual extraction Abortifacient drugs Methotrexate Mifepristone Misoprostol Oxytocin Self-induced abortion Unsafe abortion Religion Buddhism Christianity Catholicism Hinduism Islam Judaism Scientology Category
-
Nicotine Dependence
Wikipedia
Nicotine dependence results in substantial mortality, morbidity, and socio-economic impacts. [7] Nicotine dependence is a serious public health concern due to it being one of the leading causes of avoidable deaths worldwide. [7] The medical community is concerned that e-cigarettes may escalate global nicotine dependence, particularly among adolescents who are attracted to many of the flavored e-cigarettes. [42] There is strong evidence that vaping induces symptoms of dependence in users. [43] Many organizations such the World Health Organization, American Lung Association , and Australian Medical Association do not approve of vaping for quitting smoking in youth, making reference to concerns about their safety and the potential that experimenting with vaping may result in nicotine dependence and later tobacco use. [44] Notes [ edit ] ^ Nicotine dependence [1] is also variously known as cigarette dependence , [2] tobacco dependence , [3] or tobacco use disorder . [4] See also [ edit ] Nicotine poisoning Nicotine withdrawal Bibliography [ edit ] Stratton, Kathleen; Kwan, Leslie Y.; Eaton, David L. ... Dependence Concepts Physical dependence Psychological dependence Withdrawal Disorders Drugs Alcoholism Amphetamine Barbiturate Benzodiazepine Caffeine Cannabis Cocaine Nicotine Opioid Non-drug stimuli Tanning dependence Treatment and management Detoxification Alcohol detoxification Drug detoxification Behavioral therapies Cognitive behavioral therapy Relapse prevention Contingency management Community reinforcement approach and family training Motivational enhancement therapy Motivational interviewing Motivational therapy Physical exercise Treatment programs Drug rehab Residential treatment center Heroin-assisted treatment Intensive outpatient program Methadone maintenance Smoking cessation Nicotine replacement therapy Tobacco cessation clinics in India Twelve-step program Support groups Addiction recovery groups List of twelve-step groups Harm reduction Category:Harm reduction Drug checking Reagent testing Low-threshold treatment programs Managed alcohol program Moderation Management Needle exchange program Responsible drug use Stimulant maintenance Supervised injection site Tobacco harm reduction See also Addiction medicine Allen Carr Category:Addiction Discrimination against drug addicts Dopamine dysregulation syndrome Cognitive control Inhibitory control Motivational salience Incentive salience Sober companion Category v t e Treatment of drug dependence ( N07B ) Nicotine dependence Bupropion Cytisine Lobeline Mecamylamine Varenicline AA ( Clonidine ) Alcohol dependence AD inhibitor ( Disulfiram Calcium carbimide Hydrogen cyanamide ) Acamprosate Opioid antagonists Naltrexone Nalmefene ) κ-Opioid receptor antagonists Aticaprant Topiramate AA ( Clonidine ) Baclofen Phenibut Opioid dependence AA ( Clonidine Lofexidine ) Ibogaine Opioids Buprenorphine ( +naloxone ) Levacetylmethadol Methadone Dihydrocodeine Dihydroetorphine Hydromorphone (extended-release) Morphine (extended-release) Opioid antagonists ( Naltrexone Nalmefene ) Benzodiazepine dependence AA ( Clonidine ) Benzodiazepines ( Diazepam Lorazepam Chlordiazepoxide Oxazepam ) Barbiturates ( Phenobarbital ) Research Salvia divinorum v t e Psychoactive substance-related disorder General SID Substance intoxication / Drug overdose Substance-induced psychosis Withdrawal : Craving Neonatal withdrawal Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) SUD Substance abuse / Substance-related disorders Physical dependence / Psychological dependence / Substance dependence Combined substance use SUD Polysubstance dependence SID Combined drug intoxication (CDI) Alcohol SID Cardiovascular diseases Alcoholic cardiomyopathy Alcohol flush reaction (AFR) Gastrointestinal diseases Alcoholic liver disease (ALD): Alcoholic hepatitis Auto-brewery syndrome (ABS) Endocrine diseases Alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) Nervous system diseases Alcohol-related dementia (ARD) Alcohol intoxication Hangover Neurological disorders Alcoholic hallucinosis Alcoholic polyneuropathy Alcohol-related brain damage Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS): Alcoholic hallucinosis Delirium tremens (DTs) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) Korsakoff syndrome Positional alcohol nystagmus (PAN) Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS, Korsakoff psychosis) Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) Respiratory tract diseases Alcohol-induced respiratory reactions Alcoholic lung disease SUD Alcoholism (alcohol use disorder (AUD)) Binge drinking Caffeine SID Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder Caffeine-induced sleep disorder Caffeinism SUD Caffeine dependence Cannabis SID Cannabis arteritis Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) SUD Amotivational syndrome Cannabis use disorder (CUD) Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder Cocaine SID Cocaine intoxication Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) SUD Cocaine dependence Hallucinogen SID Acute intoxication from hallucinogens (bad trip) Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) Nicotine SID Nicotine poisoning Nicotine withdrawal SUD Nicotine dependence Opioids SID Opioid overdose SUD Opioid use disorder (OUD) Sedative / hypnotic SID Kindling (sedative–hypnotic withdrawal) benzodiazepine : SID Benzodiazepine overdose Benzodiazepine withdrawal SUD Benzodiazepine use disorder (BUD) Benzodiazepine dependence barbiturate : SID Barbiturate overdose SUD Barbiturate dependence Stimulants SID Stimulant psychosis amphetamine : SUD Amphetamine dependence Volatile solvent SID Sudden sniffing death syndrome (SSDS) Toluene toxicity SUD Inhalant abuseCHRNA3, CHRNA5, DRD2, BDNF, CYP2A6, CHRNA7, LCP1, RPTOR, PLEKHG1, LYSMD3, CXCL8, AHR, IL6, MIR218-2, CHRNB4, CHRNB3, CHRNA4, CHRNA6, ANKK1, CHRNB2, OPRM1, COMT, SLC6A4, NRXN1, SLC6A3, CNR1, DBH, ERBB4, DRD1, MAOA, DDC, GRM5, CYP2B6, DRD4, DRD3, HTR3A, HTR2A, NCAM1, HCRT, GABBR1, GABBR2, CHRNB1, SAGE1, NRXN3, HTR3B, CHRNA2, TTC12, GABRA2, CPD, GABRA4, TAAR1, CHRNA9, WASF1, TAS2R38, COPD, GAL, TAS2R16, NRG3, HCRTR2, NTRK2, TPH1, TH, GRIN3A, ACHE, ACE, ALDH2, CHRND, CYP2E1, DRD5, CHAT, LINC01139, FRMD4A, ARSD, LINC02210-CRHR1, MEG3, CAD, SHC3, CAMK4, ASCC1, CCK, SLCO3A1, HPGDS, NAAA, KANK1, ZCCHC14, GABARAP, RAPGEF4, FTCD, CD40, RAPGEF3, STIN2-VNTR, AKR1A1, CARTPT, ARRB2, CCAR1, ADH1C, CACNA2D3, ADH7, OR2AG1, ADH1B, CD200R1, TPH2, APBB1, APP, EGLN2, CHRFAM7A, PPP1R1B, LINC00460, CLPTM1L, ANAPC1, CSMD1, SEMA6A, RHOA, ARRB1, PNPLA2, CHRNA10, TBPL1, AKR1B10, GABRE, CHRM2, CHRM1, HINT1, NF2, DLG4, DNM1, ACTB, KCNJ6, DNMT3B, IL1B, IKBKB, F2R, FAAH, FMO1, GALR1, FMO3, GSTT1, GSTM1, GRM7, FN1, GRM2, NR3C1, GRIK2, GRIA4, GM2A, NFKB1, NPY2R, OPRK1, CYP3A5, CHRNA1, CHRNG, ARHGEF7, KMO, PLA2G6, NR4A3, TYRP1, CRH, THAS, CRHR1, TCF7L2, TAC1, SLC18A2, CRP, CYP2A13, RGS2, PTEN, PPARA, PON1, PLG, PLA2G1B, H3P40
-
Navel Fetishism
Wikipedia
. ^ Newson, John; Newson, Elizabeth (1968). Four Years Old in an Urban Community . ISBN 9780202366142 . Retrieved 16 April 2015 . ^ a b "My innie navel becomes an outie!" ... "The Ins and Outies of the Belly Button Fetish Community" . broadly.vice.com . Retrieved 19 June 2016 . ^ Media, Spin L.L.C (May 1985).
-
Alcohol Intoxication
Wikipedia
Many followers of Buddhism observe a code of conduct known as the five precepts , of which the fifth precept is an undertaking to refrain from the consumption of intoxicating substances [62] (except for medical reasons). [63] In the bodhisattva vows of the Brahma Net Sūtra , observed by Mahāyāna Buddhist communities, distribution of intoxicants is likewise discouraged, as well as consumption. [64] In the branch of Hinduism known as Gaudiya Vaishnavism , one of the four regulative principles forbids the taking of intoxicants, including alcohol. ... It has been assumed as the source for the wine drinking ritual at the communion in some Christian groups. [69] During Purim there is an obligation to become intoxicated, although, as with many other decrees, in many communities this has been avoided, by allowing sleep during the day to replace it. [70] In the 1920s due to the new beverages law, a rabbi from the Reform Judaism movement proposed using grape-juice for the ritual instead of wine.ALDH2, ADH1B, DRD4, NR3C1, ADH1C, AKR1A1, ALDH1A1, ST6GAL1, REN, RELA, PON1, PER2, OPRM1, SLC6A4, MTR, MTHFR, MPO, SOD2, LBP, IL18, CXCL8, TP53, HSPA4, EIF4A2, BCHE, BDNF, CD19, CHAT, COX8A, FYN, GABRA1, GRIK1, DRD2, NPSR1, NPS, CAT, TLR4, NCOA6, ARHGEF7, C20orf181, ASCC1, GINS2, MFGE8, PPARG, SERPINE1, NFKB1, KCNMA1, IL6, GRM5, GABRA2, CD40, H3P40
-
Schistosomiasis
Wikipedia
Cerebral granulomatous disease may be caused by S. japonicum eggs in the brain. Communities in China affected by S. japonicum have rates of seizures eight times higher than baseline. [20] Similarly, granulomatous lesions from S. mansoni and S. haematobium eggs in the spinal cord can lead to transverse myelitis with flaccid paraplegia . [27] Cerebral granulomatous infection may also be caused by S. mansoni . ... All cases of suspected schistosomiasis should be treated regardless of presentation because the adult parasite can live in the host for years. [51] Schistosomiasis is treatable by taking by mouth a single dose of the drug praziquantel annually. [52] The WHO has developed guidelines for community treatment based on the impact the disease has on children in villages in which it is common: [52] When a village reports more than 50 percent of children have blood in their urine, everyone in the village receives treatment. [52] When 20 to 50 percent of children have bloody urine, only school-age children are treated. [52] When fewer than 20 percent of children have symptoms, mass treatment is not implemented. [52] Other possible treatments include a combination of praziquantel with metrifonate , artesunate , or mefloquine . [53] A Cochrane review found tentative evidence that when used alone, metrifonate was as effective as praziquantel. [53] Another agent, mefloquine, which has previously been used to treat and prevent malaria, was recognised in 2008–2009 to be effective against Schistosoma . [54] Historically, antimony potassium tartrate remained the treatment of choice for schistosomiasis until the development of praziquantel in the 1980s. [55] Epidemiology [ edit ] Deaths from schistosomiasis per million persons in 2012 no data 0-1 1-2 3-4 5-13 14-15 16-18 19-21 22-24 25-28 29-40 Disability-adjusted life year for schistosomiasis per 100,000 inhabitants. no data less than 50 50–75 75–100 100–150 150–200 200–250 250–300 300–350 350–400 400–450 450–500 more than 500 The disease is found in tropical countries in Africa, the Caribbean , eastern South America, Southeast Asia , and the Middle East .
-
Premature Ventricular Contraction
Wikipedia
"Relation of ventricular premature complexes to heart failure (from the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities [ARIC] Study)" . The American Journal of Cardiology . 109 (1): 105–9. doi : 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.08.009 . ... "Usefulness of ventricular premature complexes to predict coronary heart disease events and mortality (from the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities cohort)". The American Journal of Cardiology . 98 (12): 1609–12. doi : 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.06.061 .NOS3, SCN5A, TMEM43, LMNA, DSG2, TTN-AS1, DSP, MYBPC3, TTN, JUP, NAA10, RYR1, FAF1, TRDN, TNNI3K, CACNA1S, SLC25A20, RYR2, CASQ2, SLC6A8, KCNH2, HHIP, ST13, SULT1E1, PAGR1, KCNE5, LRIG1, FGF23, PACC1, TRPM4, LRIG2, KCNE2, UGCG, ATP5F1A, RPL29, PTH, CALCR, CALM3, CALR, CD59, CRP, ACE, DNM2, ELANE, EMD, FLNC, GAST, GALNS, GCLC, KCNJ2, KCNQ1, LRP5, BCL2A1, REG3A, PLN, ORM1
-
Sexual Fetishism
Wikipedia
Some hospitals use leuprorelin and goserelin to reduce libido, and while there is presently little evidence for their efficacy, they have fewer side effects than other antiandrogens. [21] A number of studies support the use of Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which may be preferable over antiandrogens because of their relatively benign side effects. [21] Pharmacological agents are an adjunctive treatment which are usually combined with other approaches for maximum effect. [21] Relationship counselors may attempt to reduce dependence on the fetish and improve partner communication using techniques like sensate focusing . ... Paraphilia‐associated sexual arousal patterns in a community‐based sample of men" . The Journal of Sexual Medicine . 8 (5): 1362–1370. doi : 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01597.x .
-
Prediabetes
Wikipedia
"Cost-effectiveness of diabetes screening initiated through a dental visit". Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology . 45 (3): 275–280. doi : 10.1111/cdoe.12286 . ... (November 2018). " ' I'm on the train and I can't stop it': Western Canadians' reactions to prediabetes and the role of self-compassion". Health & Social Care in the Community . 26 (6): 979–987. doi : 10.1111/hsc.12628 . hdl : 2429/70654 .KCNJ11, UCP3, PPARGC1A, UCP1, RELB, CALCA, MFN2, SLC4A2, SIRT3, SLC4A8, HLA-DRA, AGT, ADA, IFNG, ALB, LOC102723407, RBP4, ADIPOQ, GCG, CRP, BGLAP, TNFRSF11B, ANGPTL8, TNF, INS, GCK, IL6, IGF1, PCSK9, LINC01672, IL22, GAD2, GPT, MIR375, HNF4A, GLP1R, PTH, GIP, CDKAL1, PRL, SERPINE1, SLC30A10, GAD1, CAD, SOST, PPARG, CETP, SLC30A8, LPA, SIRT6, LGALS3, MIR192, CXCL10, SLC2A4, IL18, SHBG, FTO, PADI4, ATF6, CABIN1, IGF2BP2, ADAMTS13, EIF2AK3, VWF, XBP1, MANF, FGF23, TNFSF11, DLK1, NOG, GDF15, LILRB1, CLOCK, TBC1D4, FST, SCGN, SLCO1B1, KIFBP, YKT6, APPL1, ABO, SLC17A5, IL33, SNAP47, PTRH1, NRG4, CILP2, ERFE, METRNL, MIR10B, MIR126, MIR143, MIR152, MIR15A, MIR223, MIR27A, MIR193B, MIR486-1, ZGLP1, OCLN, C1QTNF5, SPX, ANGPTL3, PNPLA3, MBL3P, PNPLA8, MLXIPL, PTRH2, TLR9, VEGFA, STAP2, AMBRA1, RETN, PNPLA2, HAMP, HHIP, RTN4R, INTS3, MTMR9, DHX40, EHMT1, BEST1, SLC5A2, UMOD, CPD, DACH1, DBP, DMD, DPP4, DSPP, EDN1, F3, FANCA, FBN1, NR5A1, MSTN, GDF10, FFAR1, HGF, HIF1A, HRAS, HSPA5, CRHR1, CP, UCP2, CHI3L1, AFM, AGTR1, AHR, AHSG, AMY2A, APP, AZGP1, BDNF, BMP4, BTF3P11, CALCR, CAPNS1, CAT, CD36, CD40LG, CD68, CDKN2A, IAPP, IDE, IGF2, IL4, SFRP5, SLC2A1, ACTB, SLC18A2, SOAT1, SPP1, SPR, SREBF1, HNF1A, TCF7L2, TRBV20OR9-2, TGFB1, THBS4, TLR2, TLR4, TPM3, TTN, CXCL12, CCL5, PTPRN2, MTNR1B, IL15, MAP6, MBL2, MET, MGP, MMP8, MPO, MVD, PYY, SNU13, NHS, NOTCH4, PDK1, PGC, SRGN, MAPK8, LINC02210-CRHR1
-
Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia And Systemic Symptoms
Wikipedia
. ^ "Ziprasidone (Marketed as Geodon and Generics): Drug Safety Communication - Rare But Potentially Fatal Skin Reactions" . 11 December 2014. ^ Blumenthal, Kimberly G.; Patil, Sarita U.; Long, Aidan A. (2012-04-01). ... PMID 22525393 . ^ "Olanzapine: Drug Safety Communication - FDA Warns About Rare But Serious Skin Reactions" . 10 May 2016. ^ a b Garon SL, Pavlos RK, White KD, Brown NJ, Stone CA, Phillips EJ (September 2017).
-
Abortion In Texas
Wikipedia
The state is home to an abortion rights activist community. They have founded organizations like Jane’s Due Process, been involved in events commemorating Rosie Jimenez Day every October 3, and participating in protests. The state is also home to an anti-abortion rights community, with Operation Rescue 's national director befriending Norma McCorvey as part of their efforts, resulting in McCorvey announcing she was "pro-life" in 1995.