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Rett Syndrome
Mayo_clinic
These babies then lose skills they previously had — such as the ability to crawl, walk, communicate or use their hands. Over time, children with Rett syndrome have increasing problems with the use of muscles that control movement, coordination and communication. ... Current treatment focuses on improving movement and communication, treating seizures, and providing care and support for children and adults with Rett syndrome and their families. ... Eventually muscles become weak or stiff, with unusual movement and positioning. Loss of communication abilities. Children with Rett syndrome typically begin to lose the ability to speak, to make eye contact and to communicate in other ways. ... Over time, children may gradually regain eye contact and develop nonverbal communication skills. Unusual hand movements. ... Speech-language therapy can help improve a child's life by teaching nonverbal ways of communicating and helping with social interaction.MECP2, CDKL5, GABBR2, EGR2, FOXG1, PTPN1, RHOBTB2, BDNF, CREBBP, CXXC1, PCBP4, PAG1, EIF4E, OPN1LW, DLX5, IGF1, CREB1, SYN1, SLC12A5, NTNG2, NTNG1, EP300, IL1B, TH, RECQL4, UBE3A, MEF2C, FXYD1, HDAC6, TUBA1B, MBD2, MBD1, HDAC8, LEP, IGFBP3, WDR45, POMC, ELANE, CAT, STXBP1, SLC12A2, TET1, SCN1A, TAC1, CHRNA7, AKT1, SHANK3, SCARB1, RUNX2, SMC1A, H4C9, SRY, H4C1, H4C4, STX5, H4C6, H4C12, H4C11, H4C3, H4C8, SRI, STAR, ALDH5A1, ECB2, VEGFA, TCF4, H4C2, UBA1, UBE2I, UBE2V1, TAZ, VIP, GLRA3, WRN, XRCC1, VAMP7, EOS, TRAF6, EPM2A, TTR, NCOR2, H4C5, RAB14, MEG3, PRPF40A, MBD5, ZNF253, PCDH19, TBL1XR1, ZNF436, H4-16, ZNF569, SYT6, DDX53, ARX, MED19, JMJD1C, ZNF763, MALAT1, TMEM189, TMEM189-UBE2V1, MIR146A, H4C15, POTEF, MED18, HOOK1, H4C13, PCDHB1, H4C14, CASK, FBP2, PER2, ST3GAL5, FUBP1, GPR55, ADIPOQ, TMPRSS11D, SOD1, ZBTB18, CTCF, DCTN3, CHP1, PHB2, SIRT2, IQSEC2, ZNF629, AMACR, PRPF6, REM1, SOX3, ABR, SMN1, GDI1, FGF4, FMR1, FOLR1, FOLR2, MTOR, GABBR1, GABRA3, GABRB3, GABRD, GATA4, GDI2, FBP1, GDI2P1, GFAP, GH1, GLRA2, GLUD1, GLUD2, GPM6B, GRIA2, GRIN1, GRIN2B, FGF2, ENO2, GRM7, BLM, ADARB1, AGER, ALB, ALOX15, SLC25A4, APOE, ARSD, ATRX, KIF1A, BCL2, C1QA, EDN2, C1QB, C1QC, CDR2, CHAT, CLU, CSTB, DLX6, DNM1, DYNC1H1, DNMT1, GRM5, GSK3B, SLC18A3, PAFAH1B1, LDLR, MAP2, MET, MT1A, COX1, NCL, NDN, NFKB1, NOS2, NUP98, PCDH7, STMN1, PDE4A, PDK1, PLXNA2, ACTB, PSEN2, PTH, PTPN4, MOK, RREB1, SLC6A8, LBR, L1CAM, GSR, ID4, GYPE, HAGH, HDAC2, HOXA1, HPRT1, HTC2, HTR7, ID1, ID2, ID3, IGF1R, KCNB1, IGF2, IL1A, IL4, CXCL8, IL9, IL10, IL13, IL15, IRAK1, KCNA2, FOXG1-AS1
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Bronchopleural Fistula
Wikipedia
It can develop following pneumonectomy , post-traumatically, or with certain types of infection. [1] It may also develop when large airways are in communication with the pleural space following a large pneumothorax or other loss of pleural negative pressure, especially during positive pressure mechanical ventilation . [2] On imaging, the diagnosis is suspected indirectly on radiograph. ... Malignancy and trauma can also result in the abnormal communication. [3] References [ edit ] ^ Varoli F (1998) Endoscopic treatment of bronchopleural fistulas.
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Zou Huo Ru Mo
Wikipedia
'qigong deviation/error' or Chinese : 气功出偏 ), [ clarification needed ] is a Chinese-culture concept traditionally used to indicate that something has gone wrong in spiritual or martial arts training. The qigong community uses this term to describe a physiological or psychological disorder believed to result during or after qigong practice, due to "improper practice" of qigong and other self-cultivation techniques. ... Contents 1 Background 2 Symptoms 3 Diagnosis 3.1 Chinese psychiatry 3.2 Western psychiatry 4 Medical causes 4.1 Latent psychosis 5 Qigong community perspective 5.1 Treatment 6 Social and political context 7 References Background [ edit ] The Chinese word zǒuhuǒrùmó ( Chinese : 走火入魔 "①be obsessed with sth. ②possessed by the Devil") combines zǒuhuǒ(r) ("①〈elec.〉 ... Western psychiatry [ edit ] In the West , there was no equivalent experience until the adoption of qigong practices by the public became more common. When the Western medical community encountered abnormal conditions presenting in patients practicing qigong, they used the term "Qi-gong psychotic reaction" and classified the disorder as a culture-bound syndrome in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association . ... The Chinese medical literature includes a wider variety of symptoms associated with qigong deviation; the non-psychotic symptoms correspond to conversion disorder and histrionic personality disorder in Western classifications. [19] Latent psychosis [ edit ] In cases of psychosis, a Western psychiatric belief is that qigong could be a precipitating stressor of a latent psychotic disorder to which the patient is predisposed, rather than erroneous qigong practice; [19] a type of reactive psychosis or the precipitation of an underlying mental illness, such as schizophrenia , bipolar disorder , or posttraumatic stress disorder . [20] Qigong community perspective [ edit ] Within the qigong community, Zou huo ru mo is believed to be caused by improper practice: [21] Inexperienced or unqualified instructor Incorrect instructions Impatience Becoming frightened, irritated, confused, or suspicious during the course of qigong practice Inappropriate focus, interpreted as "inappropriate channeling of qi (life energy)." Treatment [ edit ] Within the qigong community, there are specific treatments believed to be effective for addressing different forms of Zou huo ru mo. [21] In particular, depending upon somatic versus psychological symptoms, and whether the condition is considered temporary or an intrinsic mental disorder, self-correction treatments can involve relaxation, walking, self-vibrating, self-patting, and self-massage.
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Disinhibition
Wikipedia
Talking to the person and finding out what the problem is Working out what the person's behaviour is trying to communicate Crisis management Proactive [ edit ] Proactive strategies to prevent problems can include: [7] Change the environment: This can include increasing opportunities for access to a variety of activities, balancing cognitively and physically demanding activities with periods of rest, providing a predictable environment in order to reduce the level of cognitive demands on the person, trying to provide consistent routines (be mindful of events that may not occur, try not to make promises that cannot be kept, if unable to go out at a particular time then say so), checking for safety in the home environment (e.g., changing/moving furniture). Teach a skill: These can include general skills development of useful communication strategies, coping skills (e.g. teach the person what to do when feeling angry, anxious) Individual behaviour support plans: These involve reinforcing specific desirable behavior and ignoring the specific undesirable behavior (unless it is dangerous, the priority is to keep both people safe through a crisis plan which might involve removing sharp objects or weapons, escaping to a safe place, giving the person time to calm down), avoiding things you know upsets the person, strategies to increase engagement in activities. ... For example, "Jane, you're standing too close when you are speaking to me, I feel uncomfortable, please take a step back", or "I don't like it when you say I look hot in front of your wife, I feel uncomfortable, I am your Attendant Carer/Support Worker, I am here to help you with your shopping" Also in non-verbal communication, communication can appear in other forms, one could say "I don't like it when you dart your eyes at me in that way". ... Then generally, as almost all behavior is communication, understand what the behavior is trying to communicate and look at ways to have the need met in more appropriate ways.TARDBP, CHMP2B, TREM2, TYROBP, VCP, PSEN2, PSEN1, SQSTM1, ABCA7, TOMM40, VPS13A, MAPT, SPAST, TBK1, SORL1, TMEM106B, CHCHD10, FUS, FTL, FMR1, APP, GRN, HGSNAT, C9orf72, SST, LRRK2, PVALB, TGFB1, VIP, CD200R1, HTR3B, EBPL, ALB, REN, SLC6A4, ROBO2, AR, BDNF, CCN2, ELK3, ETFA, GALNS, NR3C1, GRM2, HCRT, HTR2A, LRP1, MUC1, OPRM1, OXA1L, PDYN, PRKCG, PRL, ALDH2, ROBO1, STIN2-VNTR
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Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
Wikipedia
Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) [ edit ] HCAP is a condition in patients who can come from the community, but have frequent contact with the healthcare environment. Historically, the etiology and prognosis of nursing home pneumonia appeared to differ from other types of community acquired pneumonia, with studies reporting a worse prognosis and higher incidence of multi drug resistant organisms as etiology agents. ... The types of germs present in a hospital are often more dangerous and more resistant to treatment than those outside in the community. Pneumonia occurs more often in people who are using a respirator. ... "Outcomes of patients hospitalized with community-acquired, health care-associated, and hospital-acquired pneumonia" (PDF) . ... "Mortality from lower respiratory infection in nursing home residents. A pilot prospective community-based study". J Fam Pract . 47 (4): 298–304.
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Odor, Male, Women's Choice Of
Omim
They performed the study in a Hutterite community where, in contrast to the virtually unlimited number of HLA haplotypes present in outbred populations, there were only 67 HLA haplotypes. ... The odor donors were men of diverse ethnicity and a different ethnicity compared with that of the isolated community, but who nonetheless carried HLA alleles found in the community as well as completely foreign alleles.
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Bacteremia, Susceptibility To, 2
Omim
The minimal annual incidence of community-acquired bacteremia was estimated at 1,457 cases per 100,000 children among infants under 1 year old, 1,080 among children under 2 years old, and 505 among children under 5 years old. Of all in-hospital deaths, 26% were in children with community-acquired bacteremia. Of 308 deaths in children with bacteremia, 103 (33.4%) occurred on the day of admission and 217 (70.5%) occurred within 2 days. Berkley et al. (2005) concluded that community-acquired bacteremia is a major cause of death among children at a rural sub-Saharan hospital.
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Prelingual Deafness
Wikipedia
A child who is exclusively or predominantly an oral communicator can experience social isolation [ citation needed ] from his or her hearing peers, particularly if no one takes the time to explicitly teach them social skills that other children acquire independently by virtue of having normal hearing. ... The population's primary means of communication is produced orally; however, speech and language are dissociative factors. [22] Although we are biologically equipped to use language, we are not biologically limited to speech. [23] A child who has no access to a spoken language readily acquires sign language, and children deprived of both oral and sign language sometimes invent their own gestural communication system. [23] There is an innate desire to produce language in both hearing and deaf population. All babies vocalize to communicate. [18] Deaf children who have not been exposed to sign language create their own gesture communication known as homesign for the purpose of expressing what they are feeling. ... (Angier, 1991) Between 6–12 months, deaf children use manual communication and communicate with gestures, such as pulling and pointing. ... They exaggerate their facial expressions and provide models in the direct line of vision of their deaf babies. [24] Caregivers of both hearing children and deaf children reinforce the child's early attempts at communication, thus encouraging further and more elaborate communication.
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Language Delay
Wikipedia
The reported prevalence of language delay is not agreed upon and ranges from 2.3 to 19 percent. [1] Language is a uniquely human form of communication that entails the use of words in a standard and structured way. [2] Language is distinct from communication. Communication is a two-stage process. The first stage is the process of encoding the message into a set of words (or signs in the case of Sign Languages) and sentence structures that convey the required meaning, i.e. into language. ... Speech is the verbal motor production of language, while language is a means of communication. [1] Because language and speech are independent, they may be individually delayed. ... Expressive language refers to the use of sentences (made of words or signs) to communicate messages to others. Both categories are essential in developing effective communication. ... These therapists can be found in schools, clinics, through home care agencies, and also colleges where Communication Sciences and Disorders are studied.
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Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-Like Disease Type 1
Medlineplus
Gap junctions made with connexin-47 facilitate communication between nervous system cells called oligodendrocytes or between oligodendrocytes and another type of nervous system cell called astrocytes. Communication between these cells is necessary for the formation of myelin . ... All of these GJC2 gene mutations disrupt the communication between nerve cells that normally occurs at gap junctions and impair myelin formation.
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Telephone Phobia
Wikipedia
Telephone phobia ( telephonophobia , telephobia , phone phobia ) is reluctance or fear of making or taking phone calls , literally, "fear of telephones ". [1] It is considered to be a type of social phobia or social anxiety . [1] It may be compared to glossophobia , in that both arise from having to engage with an audience, and the associated fear of being criticized, judged or made a fool of. [2] As is common with other fears and phobias, there is a wide spectrum of severity of the fear of phone conversations and corresponding difficulties. [1] In 1993, it was reported that about 2.5 million people in Great Britain had telephone phobia. [3] A 2019 survey of UK office workers found that 40% of baby boomers , and 70% of millennials , experience anxious thoughts when the phone rings. [4] The term "telephone apprehension " refers to a lower degree of telephone phobia, in which sufferers experience anxiety about the use of telephones, but to a less severe degree than that of an actual phobia. [5] Sufferers may have no problem communicating face to face, but have difficulty doing so over the telephone. ... As a result, this phobia causes a great deal of stress and impacts people's personal lives, work lives and social lives. [2] Sufferers avoid many activities, such as scheduling events or clarifying information. [9] Strain is created in the workplace because use of phones may play a crucial role within a career. [7] Coping and avoidance strategies [ edit ] Coping strategies may consist of planning the conversation ahead of time and rehearsing, writing or noting down what needs to be said. [2] [6] Anxiety may be lessened by having privacy in which to make a call, so that the sufferer need not be concerned about the conversation being overheard. [6] Associated avoidance behaviour may include asking others (e.g. relatives at home) to take phone calls and exclusively using answering machines . [1] The rise in the use of electronic text-based communication (the Internet , email and text messaging ) has given many sufferers alternative means of communication that they may find considerably less stressful than the phone. [6] At the same time, members of a younger generation who have grown up with digital communication increasingly find both making or receiving phone calls "intrusive", preferring to use media that allow them to "participate in the conversation at the pace [they] choose". [10] In the 2019 survey, 61% of UK millennial office workers reported that they would "display physical, anxiety-induced behaviours when they're the only ones in the office and the phone rings". [4] Sufferers may find it helpful to explain the nature of the phobia to friends, so that a failure to respond to messages is not misinterpreted as rudeness or an unwillingness to communicate.
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Pulmonary Sequestration
Wikipedia
In contrast, later development of the accessory lung bud results in the extrapulmonary type that may give rise to communication with the GI tract. Both types of sequestration usually have arterial supply from the thoracic or abdominal aorta. ... Intrapulmonary sequestration occurs within the visceral pleura of normal lung tissue. Usually, no communication with the tracheobronchial tree occurs. ... Venous drainage is usually via the pulmonary veins. Foregut communication is very rare, and associated anomalies are uncommon. ... It may occur above, within, or below the diaphragm, and nearly all appear on the left side. No communication with the tracheobronchial tree occurs. ... Air-fluid levels due to bronchial communication can be seen. Ultrasound [ edit ] The typical sonographic appearance of BPS is an echogenic homogeneous mass that may be well defined or irregular.
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Echolalia
Wikipedia
He was also aware of his echolalia, but said he is unable to stop the repetitions. [11] Associated disorders [ edit ] Echolalia can be an indicator of communication disorders in autism , but is neither unique to, nor synonymous with syndromes. [6] Echophenomena (particularly echolalia and echopraxia ) were defining characteristics in the early descriptions of Tourette syndrome (TS). [1] Echolalia also occurs in aphasia , schizophrenia , dementia , catatonia , epilepsy , [1] after cerebral infarction (stroke), [3] closed head injury , [12] in blind children, children with language impairments, as well as certain developing neurotypical children. [6] Other disorders associated with echolalia are Pick's disease , frontotemporal dementia , corticobasal degeneration , progressive supranuclear palsy , as well as pervasive developmental disorder . [10] In transcortical sensory aphasia , echolalia is common, with the patient incorporating another person's words or sentences into his or her own response. ... It is not possible to distinguish the imitative learning form of echolalia that occurs as part of normal development from automatic imitation or echolalia characteristic of a disorder until about the age of three, when some ability for self-regulation is developed. [1] A disorder may be suspected if automatic imitation persists beyond the age of three. [1] Function [ edit ] In the past, echolalia was regarded as negative, non-functional behavior. [6] However, researchers such as Barry Prizant and colleagues have emphasized the communicative function of echolalia. [6] Among the communicative functions noted are turntaking, requesting, self-regulation and rehearsal to aid comprehension. [6] Echolalia can be categorized as communicative (in context and with "apparent communicative purpose") vs. semicommunicative (an "unclear communicative meaning"). [1] The use of echolalia in task response to facilitate generalization is an area that holds much promise. [15] Research in this area is certainly needed. ... Studies have shown that in some cases echolalia is used as a coping mechanism allowing an autistic person to contribute to a conversation when unable to produce spontaneous speech. [2] Studies in the 1980s showed that there may be communicative intent with delayed echolalia, "depending on the context in which it occurs"; [16] this research on autistic children "raised questions related to behavior modification programs that defended the revocation or replacement of immediate echolalia". [16] Uta Frith , Prizant and others have interpreted echolalia as evidence of " gestalt " processing in autistic children, including in the acquisition of language. [6] However, a 1990 study on the acquisition of grammar by Tager-Flusberg and Calkins found that echolalia did not facilitate grammatical development in autistic children. [6] See also [ edit ] Lists of language disorders References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Ganos C, Ogrzal T, Schnitzler A, Münchau A (September 2012). ... "Rethinking echolalia: repetition as interactional resource in the communication of a child with autism". Journal of Child Language . 41 (2): 275–304. doi : 10.1017/s0305000912000682 .
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Cole-Carpenter Syndrome 1
Omim
In this patient, frontal craniectomy was performed at age 9 months to relieve compression of the ocular globes because of an alarming progression of proptosis and frontal bossing. Progressive communicating hydrocephalus was noted by computer tomography at 12 months of age and a lumboperitoneal shunt was established to be replaced later by a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Marwaha et al. (1993) reported a 5-month-old boy, born with communicating hydrocephalus, who presented with failure to thrive and macrocephaly. ... He had hypertelorism, orbital hypoplasia without proptosis, brachydactyly, frontal and temporal bossing of the skull, central hypotonia, communicating hydrocephalus, and severe delay in psychomotor development. ... INHERITANCE - Autosomal dominant GROWTH Height - Marked growth failure - Short stature HEAD & NECK Head - Enlarged fontanels Face - Frontal bossing, progressive - Midface hypoplasia - Micrognathia Eyes - Proptosis, progressive - Sclerae blue at birth but normal by 1 year of age Teeth - Small teeth - Hypoplastic enamel SKELETAL - Osteopenia Skull - Decreased ossification of calvarium - Frontal craniosynostosis - Coronal craniosynostosis - Widening of coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures Spine - Vertebral compression fractures - Severe scoliosis Pelvis - Decreased trabecular volume on transiliac biopsy - Decreased bone formation on transiliac biopsy Limbs - Metaphyseal and compression fractures of long bones in infancy - Recurrent diaphyseal fractures of weight-bearing bones - Marked deformity of upper and lower extremities - 'Popcorn epiphyses' in the distal femora and proximal tibiae NEUROLOGIC Central Nervous System - Communicating hydrocephalus, progressive - Normal cognitive development VOICE - High-pitched voice MISCELLANEOUS - Bone fragility is not apparent at birth, but becomes evident within several months of life - Based on 2 patients with P4HB mutations (last curated April 2015) MOLECULAR BASIS - Caused by mutation in the procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase, beta subunit gene (P4HB, 176790.0001 ) ▲ Close
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Wannarexia
Wikipedia
It can feed the eating disorder mindset of not sick enough and lead people to get too sick to validate their struggle with an eating disorder however even the most severely ill people suffering from eating disorders still struggle to feel "sick enough" . [3] Wannarexics may be inspired or motivated by the pro-anorexia, or pro-ana , community that promotes or supports anorexia as a lifestyle choice rather than an eating disorder . [7] Some participants in pro-ana web forums only want to associate with "real anorexics" and will shun wannarexics who only diet occasionally, and are not dedicated to the "lifestyle" full-time. [8] Community websites for anorexics and bulimics have posted advice to wannarexics saying that they don't want their "warped perspectives and dangerous behaviour to affect others." [5] Kelsey Osgood uses the label in her book How To Disappear Completely: On Modern Anorexia where she describes wannarexia as “a gateway drug for teenagers”. [9] References [ edit ] ^ Hardin, P.K. (2003). ... Wannarexia is a pejorative term and…is the latest word to come from the fast paced world of eating disorder terminology…. Community websites for genuinely anorexic and bulimic people have hit back by setting up sites offering advice to those trying to 'develop anorexia,' saying that they don't want their 'warped perspectives and dangerous behaviour to affect others.' ^ Bauman, Valerie (2007-08-06). ... "No Wannarexics Allowed: An Analysis of Online Eating Disorder Communities" . Digital Youth Project . University of California, Berkeley .
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Hiv/aids In Malaysia
Wikipedia
In 2014, the figure has increased to 8.9%. [6] Laws and regulations [ edit ] In 2001, the Department of Occupational Safety and Health developed a non-compulsory ‘Code of Practice on Prevention and Management of HIV and AIDS’ which supports the creation of a non-judgemental and non-discriminatory work environment. [12] During the 2011 Nineteenth ASEAN Summit , Malaysia together with other ASEAN nations, adopted the "ASEAN Declaration of Commitment: Getting To Zero New HIV Infections, Zero Discrimination, Zero AIDS-Related Deaths, Bali, Indonesia, 17 November 2011" to reaffirm their commitment in working towards realizing an ASEAN community with Zero HIV Infections, Zero Discrimination and Zero AIDS-related Deaths. [13] On 13 October 2017, the then- Ministry of Human Resources Minister, Datuk Seri Dr Richard Riot Jaem announced that the government wants to draft a new regulation in an effort to eliminate discrimination against people living with HIV or AIDS at the workplace. ... The online learning platform is a joint effort between the Malaysian AIDS Foundation (MAF) and the Malaysian Society for HIV Medicine (MASHM) to educate doctors regarding care and management of HIV/AIDS patients. [21] Local support [ edit ] The Malaysian AIDS Council Malaysian AIDS Council (MAC) is a Malaysian non-profit organisation with a mission to represent, mobilise and strengthen non-governmental organisations and communities who were working with HIV/AIDS issues. PT Foundation (formerly known as Pink Triangle) is a community-based organisation "providing HIV/AIDS education, prevention, care and support programs, sexuality awareness and empowerment programs for vulnerable communities in Malaysia". The communities include MSM (men who have sex with men), transgender, sex workers, drug users, and people living with HIV. Kuala Lumpur AIDS Support Services Society (KLASS) [1] APCASO – Asia Pacific Council of AIDS Service Organizations [2] Tenaganita is a human rights organisation dedicated in assisting, building, advocating and protecting migrants, refugees, women and children from exploitation, abuse, discrimination, slavery and human trafficking. [3] Persatuan Pengasih Malaysia (PENGASIH) Community AIDS Service Penang (CASP) [4] Federation of Reproductive Health Associations, Malaysia (FRHAM) [5] Islamic Medical Association of Malaysia (PPIM) Sarawak AIDS Concern Society (SACS) [6] Women and Health Association of Kuala Lumpur (WAKE) Persatuan Perantaraan Pesakit-Pesakit Kelantan (SAHABAT) [7] Pertubuhan Advokasi Masyarakat Terpinggir [8] , a non-governmental organisation for marginalised communities.
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Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6
Medlineplus
CaV2.1 channels play an essential role in communication between neurons in the brain. ... The lack of normal calcium channels in the cell membrane impairs cell communication between neurons in the brain. Diminished cell communication leads to cell death. Cells within the cerebellum , which is the part of the brain that coordinates movement, are particularly sensitive to the accumulation of these aggregates.CACNA1A, ATXN2, ATXN1, ATXN7, PPP2R2B, WWOX, TRPC3, CACNA1G, RUBCN, STUB1, NOP56, AFG3L2, CIC, TDP2, SPTBN2, ANO10, SNX14, SCYL1, ELOVL5, UBA5, RBM17, TTBK2, VWA3B, SYT14, ATXN1L, TGM6, CWF19L1, CCDC88C, GRM1, PRKCG, FOXC1, GFI1, MME, GRID2, ATXN3, PDYN, LY6E, CASP3, TK2, BEAN1, MPI, HSF1, GTF2H1, PVALB, HSPA1A, DAP, CALB1, CACNA1F, TWNK, DCTN4, HSPA1B, DNAJB1, IL1B, ATXN8OS, NUP62, KHDRBS1, MYD88, SQSTM1, TPO, TNF, BDNF, SLC6A3, SLC2A1, AR
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Fetal Valproate Spectrum Disorder
Orphanet
A rare teratogenic disease due to embryo/fetal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) and subsequently characterized by a distinct facial dysmorphism, congenital anomalies and developmental delay (especially in language and communication). Epidemiology Prevalence of fetal valproate syndrome (FVS) is unknown. ... Children exposed to VPA have a higher risk of developmental problems such a decreased cognitive function (especially in verbal intelligence), attention deficit disorder, learning difficulties and often the communication problems of ASD. Etiology FVS is caused by the exposure during pregnancy to VPA (valproate), a mood stabilizer and broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED. ... Children with ASD should receive the regular treatment offered to children with communication disorders. Prognosis The prognosis of newborns is highly variable and depends on the clinical and behavioral symptoms, timing of exposure and the dosage of VPA taken by the mother.
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Plushophilia
Wikipedia
Contents 1 Furry fandom 2 Being in another form 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Furry fandom [ edit ] Plushophilia is sometimes assumed to be a practice common within furry fandom , due in part to a 2001 article by Vanity Fair that linked various members of the furry community with plushophilia. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] A 1998 survey of 360 members of the furry community suggested less than one percent (that is, fewer than four people) attested to being plushophiles. [8] Pornography and sexual activity involving animal anthropomorphism (including plushophilia and paraphilias involving fursuits and cartoon animals ) is known in the furry fandom community as " yiff " (and sexual acts as "yiffing"). [6] [9] Being in another form [ edit ] Anne Lawrence has proposed that sexual arousal that depends upon imagining one's self as plush or "representations of anthropomorphic animal characters in animated cartoons " be termed autoplushophilia . [10] Paraphilic interests that involve being in another form have been referred to as erotic target location errors .
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Childhood Apraxia Of Speech
Mayo_clinic
This makes it easier for your child to say the practice words automatically. Alternative communication methods If your child can't effectively communicate through speech, other communication methods can be helpful. ... Sometimes electronic devices such as tablets can be helpful in communication. It's often important to use alternative communication methods early. It may help your child become less frustrated when trying to communicate. It also may help your child develop language skills such as vocabulary and the ability to put words together in sentences. ... Coping and support It can be hard to have a child who has problems communicating. There are a number of support groups available for parents of children with childhood apraxia of speech. ... In what other ways does your child communicate? For example, does your child point, make gestures, make signs or act things out?