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A number sign (#) is used with this entry because pachyonychia congenita-4 (PC4) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the KRT6B gene (148042) on chromosome 12q13. Description Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis with the main clinical features of hypertrophic nail dystrophy, painful and highly debilitating plantar keratoderma, oral leukokeratosis, and a variety of epidermal cysts. Although the condition had previously been subdivided clinically into Jadassohn-Lewandowsky PC type 1 and Jackson-Lawler PC type 2, patients with PC were later found to have a mixed constellation of both types, leading to a classification of PC based on genotype (summary by Sybert, 2010; Eliason et al., 2012; McLean et al., 2011). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of pachyonychia congenita, see 167200. Historical Classification of Pachyonychia Congenita Gorlin et al. (1976) suggested that 2 distinct syndromes are subsumed under the designation pachyonychia congenita.
Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare genodermatosis predominantly featuring painful palmoplantar keratoderma, thickened nails, cysts and whitish oral mucosa. Epidemiology The prevalence is not known but approximately 1000 patients have been registered to date worldwide. Clinical description PC presents clinically as a spectrum of conditions. PC onset is variable with most cases manifesting soon after birth, others becoming clinically apparent only in late childhood and rarely in adulthood. The first signs of the disease usually are thickened nails or neonatal teeth.
Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare inherited condition that primarily affects the nails and skin. The fingernails and toenails may be thickened and abnormally shaped . Affected people can also develop painful calluses and blisters on the soles of their feet and less frequently on the palms of their hands ( palmoplantar keratoderma ). Additional features include white patches on the tongue and inside of the mouth (leukokeratosis); bumps around the elbows, knees, and waistline (follicular hyperkeratosis); and cysts of various types including steatocystoma. Features may vary among affected people depending on their specific mutation.
For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of pachyonychia congenita, see 167200. Inheritance Chong-Hai and Rajagopalan (1977) suggested autosomal recessive inheritance of pachyonychia congenita in a 4-year-old Malaysian girl with first-cousin parents, although they recognized new dominant mutation as a possibility. See also Sivasundram et al. (1985). INHERITANCE - Autosomal recessive HEAD & NECK Mouth - No oral leukoplakia SKIN, NAILS, & HAIR Skin - Horny papules (face, leg, buttocks) - No palmoplantar hyperkeratosis - No hyperhidrosis Nails - Episodic inflammatory swelling of nail bed - Recurrent shedding of nails - Hard,thickened nails (pachyonychia) - Subungual hyperkeratosis MISCELLANEOUS - See also pachyonychia congenita, type 3 (PC1, 167200 ) ▲ Close
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because pachyonychia congenita-3 (PC3) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the keratin-6a gene (KRT6A; 148041) on chromosome 12q13. Description Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis with the main clinical features of hypertrophic nail dystrophy, painful and highly debilitating plantar keratoderma, oral leukokeratosis, and a variety of epidermal cysts. Although the condition had previously been subdivided clinically into Jadassohn-Lewandowsky PC type 1 and Jackson-Lawler PC type 2, patients with PC were later found to have a mixed constellation of both types, leading to a classification of PC based on genotype (summary by Sybert, 2010; Eliason et al., 2012; McLean et al., 2011). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of pachyonychia congenita, see 167200. Historical Classification of Pachyonychia Congenita Gorlin et al. (1976) suggested that 2 distinct syndromes are subsumed under the designation pachyonychia congenita.
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that pachyonychia congenita-2 (PC2) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the KRT17 gene (148069) on chromosome 17q21. Description Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis with the main clinical features of hypertrophic nail dystrophy, painful and highly debilitating plantar keratoderma, oral leukokeratosis, and a variety of epidermal cysts. Although the condition had previously been subdivided clinically into Jadassohn-Lewandowsky PC type 1 and Jackson-Lawler PC type 2, patients with PC were later found to have a mixed constellation of both types, leading to a classification of PC based on genotype (summary by Sybert, 2010; Eliason et al., 2012; McLean et al., 2011). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of pachyonychia congenita, see 167200. Historical Classification of Pachyonychia Congenita Gorlin et al. (1976) suggested that 2 distinct syndromes are subsumed under the designation pachyonychia congenita.
Smith et al. (2005) identified keratin mutations in 30 probands from the International Pachyonychia Congenita Research Registry, including 8 patients with mutations in the KRT16 gene (see, e.g., 148067.0001-148067.0003 and 148067.0012).
Types, treatment methods, and prognosis". Postgrad Med . 73 (2): 161–8. doi : 10.1080/00325481.1983.11697763 . PMID 6823454 . ^ "Deaths in the district of Inveresk and Musselburgh in the County of Edinburgh" . Statutory Deaths 689/00 0032 . ScotlandsPeople . Retrieved 11 April 2015 . External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD-O : 8011/0, 8011/3 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Epithelioma .
Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Cause 3 Diagnosis 3.1 Structure 4 Treatment 5 Prognosis 6 Epidemiology 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Cervical polyps often show no symptoms. [2] Where there are symptoms, they include intermenstrual bleeding, abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding ( menorrhagia ), vaginal bleeding in post- menopausal women, bleeding after sex and thick white vaginal or yellowish discharge ( leukorrhoea ). [3] [4] [5] [6] Cause [ edit ] The cause of cervical polyps is uncertain, but they are often associated with inflammation of the cervix. [7] They may also occur as a result of raised levels of estrogen or clogged cervical blood vessels. [3] Diagnosis [ edit ] Cervical polyps can be seen during a pelvic examination as red or purple projections from the cervical canal . [3] Diagnosis can be confirmed by a cervical biopsy which will reveal the nature of the cells present. [3] Structure [ edit ] Cervical polyps are finger-like growths, generally less than 1 cm in diameter. [3] [4] They are generally bright red in colour, with a spongy texture. [2] They may be attached to the cervix by a stalk (pedunculated) and occasionally prolapse into the vagina where they can be mistaken for endometrial polyps or submucosal fibroids . [4] Treatment [ edit ] Cervical polyps can be removed using ring forceps . [8] They can also be removed by tying surgical string around the polyp and cutting it off. [3] The remaining base of the polyp can then be removed using a laser or by cauterisation . [3] If the polyp is infected, an antibiotic may be prescribed. [3] Prognosis [ edit ] 99% of cervical polyps will remain benign and 1% will at some point show neoplastic change. [9] Cervical polyps are unlikely to regrow. [3] Epidemiology [ edit ] Cervical polyps are most common in women who have had children and perimenopausal women. [2] They are rare in pre-menstrual girls and uncommon in post-menopausal women. [6] See also [ edit ] Endometrial polyp References [ edit ] ^ Boon, Mathilde E.; Albert J. ... Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 254–256. ISBN 0-7817-3905-5 . ^ a b c d e f g h i Smith, Melanie N. (2006-05-10). ... Cambridge University Press . p. 77. ISBN 1-900151-51-0 . ^ Papadakis, Maxine A.; Stephen J. ... McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 60. ISBN 0-07-145892-1 . ^ a b Bosze, Peter; David M. ... Informa Health Care. p. 66. ISBN 963-00-7356-0 . ^ "Cervical Polyps" (PDF) .
Actual rates of hypoglycemia associated with a fibrous tumor are quite rare (a 1981 study of 360 solitary fibrous tumors of the lungs found that only 4% caused hypoglycemia [8] ), and are linked to large tumors with high rates of mitosis . [9] Removal of the tumor will normally resolve the symptoms. [1] [9] Tumors causing DPS tend to be quite large; [10] in one case a 3 kg (6.6 lb), 23×21×12 cm (9.1×8.3×4.7 in) mass was removed, sufficiently large to cause a collapsed lung . [5] In X-rays , they appear as a single mass with visible, defined borders, appearing at the edges of the lungs or a fissure dividing the lobes of the lungs. [10] Similar hypoglycemic effects have been related to mesenchymal tumors. [6] References [ edit ] ^ a b Balduyck B, Lauwers P, Govaert K, Hendriks J, De Maeseneer M, Van Schil P (July 2006). ... Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes . 108 (8): 515–18. doi : 10.1055/s-2000-11007 . ... Surg . 119 (1): 185–7. doi : 10.1016/S0022-5223(00)70242-X . PMID 10612786 . Archived from the original on 2013-01-12. ^ a b Shields, TW; LoCicero J; Ponn RB; Rusch VW (2005). ... Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 893 . ISBN 0-7817-3889-X . ^ Ellorhaoui M, Graf B (February 1976). ... Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 172–3 . ISBN 978-0-7817-6957-0 . v t e Paraneoplastic syndromes Endocrine Hypercalcaemia SIADH Zollinger–Ellison syndrome Cushing's syndrome Hematological Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis Neurological Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration Encephalomyelitis Limbic encephalitis Opsoclonus Polymyositis Transverse myelitis Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis Musculoskeletal Dermatomyositis Hypertrophic osteopathy Mucocutaneous reactive erythema Erythema gyratum repens Necrolytic migratory erythema papulosquamous Acanthosis nigricans Ichthyosis acquisita Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex Extramammary Paget's disease Florid cutaneous papillomatosis Leser-Trélat sign Pityriasis rotunda Tripe palms Other Febrile neutrophilic dermatosis Pyoderma gangrenosum Paraneoplastic pemphigus v t e Tumours of endocrine glands Pancreas Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor α : Glucagonoma β : Insulinoma δ : Somatostatinoma G : Gastrinoma VIPoma Pituitary Pituitary adenoma : Prolactinoma ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma GH-secreting pituitary adenoma Craniopharyngioma Pituicytoma Thyroid Thyroid cancer (malignant): epithelial-cell carcinoma Papillary Follicular / Hurthle cell Parafollicular cell Medullary Anaplastic Lymphoma Squamous-cell carcinoma Benign Thyroid adenoma Struma ovarii Adrenal tumor Cortex Adrenocortical adenoma Adrenocortical carcinoma Medulla Pheochromocytoma Neuroblastoma Paraganglioma Parathyroid Parathyroid neoplasm Adenoma Carcinoma Pineal gland Pinealoma Pinealoblastoma Pineocytoma MEN 1 2A 2B
The coagulopathy can progress to disseminated intravascular coagulation and even death. [2] Hemolytic anemia secondary to microangiopathic destruction (physical damage) of the RBCs can be expressed as mild, moderate, or severe. [8] Diagnosis [ edit ] The diagnostic workup [8] is directed by the presenting signs and symptoms, and can involve: blood counts, clotting studies, and other laboratory testing imaging tests ( ultrasound , CT scan , MRI , sometimes angiography , and rarely nuclear medicine scans) Biopsy of the tumor is contraindicated due to risk of bleeding. ... Anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications can be used after careful assessment of the risks and benefits. [8] Definitive treatment [ edit ] Generally, treatment of the underlying vascular tumor results in resolution of Kasabach–Merritt syndrome. ... Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Saunders. p. 597. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6 . ^ a b c d e Hall G (2001). ... J Pediatr Surg . 23 (2): 109–11. doi : 10.1016/S0022-3468(88)80135-0 . PMID 3278084 . ^ a b c d Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome at eMedicine ^ Larsen, EC; Zinkham, WH; Eggleston, JC; Zitelli, BJ (June 1987). ... J Am Acad Dermatol . 42 (2 Pt 1): 225–35. doi : 10.1016/S0190-9622(00)90130-0 . PMID 10642677 . External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : D69.5 ( ILDS D69.507) ICD - 9-CM : 287.39 OMIM : 141000 MeSH : D059885 DiseasesDB : 30701 SNOMED CT : 86635005 External resources eMedicine : med/1221 ped/1234 Orphanet : 2330
Animal Model In a mouse model of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, Verheul et al. (1999) stimulated platelet production using Peg-rHuMGDF and observed a 7- to 8-fold increase in platelet counts and a significantly increased survival, with 50% of treated animals alive at 1 month versus none of the untreated controls.
Hemangioma thrombocytopenia syndrome is characterized by profound thrombocytopenia in association with two rare vascular tumors: kaposiform hemangioendotheliomas and tufted angiomas . The profound thrombocytopenia can cause life threatening bleeding and progress to a disseminated coagulopathy in patients with these tumors. The condition typically occurs in early infancy or childhood, although prenatal cases (diagnosed with the aid of ultrasonography), newborn presentations, and rare adult cases have been reported.
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS), also known as hemangioma-thrombocytopenia syndrome, is a rare disorder characterized by profound thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and subsequent consumptive coagulopathy in association with vascular tumors, particularly kaposiform hemangioendothelioma or tufted angioma.
Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1150. ISBN 0-7817-2655-7 . Retrieved 2008-06-16 . ^ a b c d e f Scalea TM (2005). ... Boca Raton: CRC. pp. 26–32. ISBN 978-0-8493-8138-6 . Retrieved 2008-07-06 . ^ a b Porth, Carol (2007). ... Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 838. ISBN 978-0-7817-7087-3 . Retrieved 2008-07-03 . ^ Pitkänen A, McIntosh TK (2006). ... Neurotrauma: New Insights Into Pathology and Treatment . Elsevier. pp. 13–19. ISBN 978-0-444-53017-2 . Retrieved 2008-06-10 . ^ a b Granacher RP (2007). ... Neuroscience . 101 (2): 289–95. doi : 10.1016/S0306-4522(00)00380-8 . PMID 11074152 . S2CID 20457228 . ^ Sauaia A, Moore FA, Moore EE, et al.
Lack of awareness of the patient's predisposition to adverse effects (e.g. anxious patients and the elderly) and failure to attribute the adverse effects to the drug serves to compound the phobia. [8] [9] Starting at low doses and slowly increasing the medication dosage can avoid medication phobia secondary to adverse effects from developing. [9] Fears of medication use is also prevalent in people who have experienced unpleasant withdrawal effects from psychotropic drugs . [10] Sometimes patients wrongly associate symptoms of an acute disease or illness with medications used to treat the disease or illness. ... Clin Dermatol . 19 (1): 69–71. doi : 10.1016/S0738-081X(00)00215-7 . PMID 11369491 . ^ "Drugs that call for extra caution. ... New York: Simon Schuster. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-684-87309-1 . ^ M.d. Kamath, Bob (30 May 2007). ... Kendall Hunt Publishing. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-7872-8701-6 . ^ Ashton CH (2002).
Ophthalmol. 114 (1): 35–44. doi : 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)77410-0 . PMID 1621784 . ^ Lisch W, Büttner A, Oeffner F, Böddeker I, Engel H, Lisch C, Ziegler A, Grzeschik K (October 2000). "Lisch corneal dystrophy is genetically distinct from Meesmann corneal dystrophy and maps to xp22.3". Am. J. Ophthalmol. 130 (4): 461–8. doi : 10.1016/S0002-9394(00)00494-3 .
Clinical Features Lisch et al. (1992) described 5 family members and 3 unrelated patients (4 males, 4 females), aged 23 to 71 years, with bilateral or unilateral, gray, band-shaped, and feathery opacities that sometimes appeared in whorled patterns. Retroillumination showed that the opacities consisted of intraepithelial, densely crowded, clear microcysts. Light and electron microscopy disclosed diffuse vacuolization of the cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the affected area. Visual acuity was so reduced in 3 patients that abrasion of the corneal epithelium was performed. The corneal abnormalities recurred within months, with the same reduction in visual acuity as before.
Lisch epithelial corneal dystrophy (LECD) is a very rare form of superficial corneal dystrophy characterized by feather-shaped opacities and microcysts in the corneal epithelium arranged in a band-shaped and sometimes whorled pattern, occasionally with impaired vision. Epidemiology Exact prevalence of this form of corneal dystrophy is not known but very few cases have been reported to date. LECD has been documented in one German family and in rare sporadic cases in Germany and the USA. Clinical description Lesions generally develop in childhood. Epithelial opacities are slowly progressive and painless blurred vision sometimes occurs after 60 years of age. Etiology The exact cause is unknown but appears to be genetic. The gene related to Lisch epithelial corneal dystrophy has been mapped to the short arm of the X chromosome (Xp22.3).
Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine . 37 (8): 504–10. doi : 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00650.x . ... Kanski's clinical ophthalmology : a systematic approach (9th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7020-7713-5 . OCLC 1131846767 . ^ a b c Lowry, R. ... United States Department of Health and Human Services . November 8, 2016. ^ a b Phillips, Jeffrey C.; del Bono, Elizabeth A.; Haines, Jonathan L.; Pralea, Anca Madalina; Cohen, John S.; Greff, Linda J.; Wiggs, Janey L. (1996). ... United States Department of Health and Human Services . November 8, 2016. ^ synd/1284 at Who Named It? ... Medical Intelligence Unit. Springer. doi : 10.1007/0-387-28672-1 . ISBN 978-0-387-28672-3 .
Nonocular features included characteristic facies (maxillary hypoplasia, short philtrum, and protruding lower lip of mild prognathism), dental anomalies (microdontia, hypodontia, and cone-shaped teeth), failure of involution of the umbilicus (often treated surgically in the neonatal period because of confusion with umbilical hernia), surgery for inguinal hernia in 8 persons, and hypospadias present in 4 males.
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is a generic term used to designate overlapping genetic disorders, in which the major physical condition is anterior segment dysgenesis of the eye. Patients with ARS may also present with multiple variable congenital anomalies. Epidemiology The syndrome has an estimated prevalence of 1/200,000. Clinical description The clinical manifestations of ARS are highly variable. Features can be divided into ocular and non-ocular findings. Ocular abnormalities mainly affect the iris: hypoplasia, corectopia or hole formation in the iris mimicking polycoria; cornea: prominent and anteriorly displaced Schwalbe's line (posterior embryotoxon); and the chamber angle: iris strands bridging the iridocorneal angle to the trabecular meshwork. Eye dysgenesis in ARS may cause increased ocular pressure (IOP) leading to glaucoma.
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is a group of disorders that mainly affects the development of the eye. Common eye symptoms include cornea defects and iris defects. People with this syndrome may have an off-center pupil (corectopia) or extra holes in the eyes that can look like multiple pupils (polycoria). About 50% of people with this syndrome develop glaucoma, a condition that increases pressure inside of the eye, and may cause vision loss or blindness. Click here to view a diagram of the eye. Even though Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is primarily an eye disorder, this syndrome can affect other parts of the body. Most people with this syndrome have distinctive facial features and many have issues with their teeth, including unusually small teeth (microdontia) or fewer than normal teeth (oligodontia).
Description Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is a disorder of morphogenesis that results in abnormal development of the anterior segment of the eye, which results in blindness from glaucoma in approximately 50% of affected individuals. Systemic abnormalities, including cardiac and dental anomalies, are associated. For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity and nomenclature of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, see RIEG1 (180500). Mapping Deletion of 13q14 was described in 2 cases of Rieger syndrome (Akazawa et al., 1981; Stathacopoulos et al., 1987). Phillips et al. (1996) performed linkage analysis of a large 4-generation family and demonstrated that Rieger syndrome was not linked to 4q25 but to markers on 13q14.
Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Pathophysiology 3 Diagnosis 4 Treatment 5 Prognosis 6 History 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] The disease presents with the widespread formation of fluid-filled blisters that are thin walled and easily ruptured, and the patient can be positive for Nikolsky's sign . ... The Lancet . 156 (4011): 89–95. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)65681-7 . ^ Weisse, Martin E (31 December 2000). ... The Lancet . 357 (9252): 299–301. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03623-0 . PMID 11214144 . S2CID 35896288 . ^ Powell, KR (January 1979). ... The Journal of Pediatrics . 78 (6): 958–67. doi : 10.1016/S0022-3476(71)80425-0 . PMID 4252715 . ^ Morens, David M; Katz, Alan R; Melish, Marian E (31 May 2001). ... The Lancet . 357 (9273): 2059. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05151-5 . PMID 11441870 . S2CID 35925579 .
A rare staphylococcal toxemia caused by epidermolytic toxins of Staphylococcus aureus and characterized by the appearance of widespread erythematous patches, on which large blisters develop. Upon rupture of these blisters, the skin appears reddish and scalded. The lesions typically begin in the face and rapidly expand to other parts of the body. The disease may be complicated by pneumonia and sepsis. It most commonly affects newborns and infants.
Rarely it is also caused by a skin infection surrounding the anus (perianal streptococcal dermatitis). [7] [8] Diagnosis [ edit ] Guttate psoriasis can typically be diagnosed by clinical examination alone. [9] Management [ edit ] The treatments used for plaque psoriasis can also be used for guttate psoriasis. ... Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0 . ^ James W, Berger T, Elston D (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0 . ^ Pardasani AG, Feldman SR, Clark AR (February 2000). ... Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology . 42 (5 Pt 2): 885–7. doi : 10.1016/s0190-9622(00)90263-9 . PMID 10767696 . ^ Mehlis S (2019). ... Archives of Dermatology . 132 (6): 717–8. doi : 10.1001/archderm.1996.03890300147032 .
Guttate psoriasis is a skin condition in which small, red, and scaly teardrop-shaped spots appear on the arms, legs, and middle of the body. It is a relatively uncommon form of psoriasis . The condition often develops very suddenly, and is usually triggered by an infection (e.g., strep throat, bacteria infection, upper respiratory infections or other viral infections). Other triggers include injury to the skin, including cuts, burns, and insect bites, certain malarial and heart medications, stress, sunburn, and excessive alcohol consumption. Treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms, ranging from at-home over the counter remedies to medicines that suppress the body's immune system to sunlight and phototherapy.
347 Strange Sightings, Incredible Occurrences, and Puzzling Physical Phenomena . Detroit: Visible Ink Press. ISBN 0-8103-9436-7 . ^ a b "At Night in Mattoon" . ... Borderlands: The ultimate exploration of the unknown . Overlook. ISBN 0-87951-724-7 . ^ Janet, Pierre (1965). ... Detroit: Visible Ink Press. pp. 239 . ISBN 0-8103-9436-7 . ^ Do Go On. "146 - The Mad Gasser of Mattoon" . ... New York: Paraview. ISBN 1-931044-84-8 . Maruna, Scott (2003). The Mad Gasser of Mattoon: Dispelling the Hysteria . Jacksonville, Ill.: Swamp Gas Book Co. ISBN 978-0-9728605-0-5 . Van Huss, William B. (2017) The Mad Gasser of Botetourt County ISBN 978-1979589246 External links [ edit ] "The Mad Gasser of Mattoon: how the press created an imaginary chemical weapons attack" from Skeptical Inquirer , 7/1/2002 Site with newspaper headlines and a list of victims and locations of incidents
Its activity may be inhibited by warfarin . [8] It seems likely that warfarin induced embryotoxicity may be due at least in part to this inhibition. ... Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine . (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0 . ^ Malou, E.; Gekas, J.; Troucelier-Lucas, V.; Mornet, E.; Razafimanantsoa, L.; Cuvelier, B.; Mathieu, M.; Thépot, F. (2001-02-01). ... Cytogenetic study and role of molecular biology]". Archives de Pédiatrie . 8 (2): 176–180. doi : 10.1016/S0929-693X(00)00181-0 . ... "Clinical and molecular analysis of arylsulfatase E in patients with brachytelephalangic chondrodysplasia punctata". Am. J. Med. Genet. A . 146A (8): 997–1008. doi : 10.1002/ajmg.a.32159 .
There is evidence of an increased grey matter volume in the left caudal intraparietal sulcus (IPS). [8] There was also found to be an increased grey matter volume in the right fusiform gyrus . ... Trends in Cognitive Sciences . 5 (1): 36–41. doi : 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01571-0 . PMID 11164734 . S2CID 15092606 . ^ a b Jäncke, Lutz; Beeli, Gian; Eulig, Cornelia; Hänggi, Jürgen (March 2009). ... "Non-random associations of graphemes to colours in synaesthetic and non-synaesthetic populations". Cognitive Neuropsychology . 22 (8): 1069–85. doi : 10.1080/02643290500200122 . ... Journal of Consciousness Studies . 8 (12): 3–34. ^ Witthoft, N.; Winawer, N. (2006). ... Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers . pp. 108–113. doi : 10.1109/ISWC.2005.11 . ISBN 0-7695-2419-2 . S2CID 8221450 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-03-29.
Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 423–. ISBN 978-1-84882-513-0 . ^ Merril D. Smith (8 September 2014). ... Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 73–. ISBN 978-0-7591-2332-8 . ^ Vasan; R.S. (1 January 1998). ... Biochemistry and Function of Sterols . CRC Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN 978-0-8493-7674-0 . ^ Michael Crocetti; Michael A. ... Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 564–. ISBN 978-0-7817-3770-8 . ^ W. Steven Pray (2006). ... Longo (8 November 2010). Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy: Principles and Practice .
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), also called sleeping sickness, is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by a protozoa of the Trypanosoma genus transmitted by the bite of a tsetse fly (genus Glossina ), that is found under its chronic form (average duration of 3 years) in western and central Africa (in case of the T. brucei gambiense sub-species), and under its acute form (lasting from few weeks to 6 months) in eastern and southern Africa (in case of the T. brucei rhodesiense sub-species). HAT comprises an initial hemo-lymphatic stage characterized by fever, weakness, musculoskeletal pain, anemia, and lymphadenopathy, along with dermatologic, cardiac and endocrine complications or hepatosplenomegaly, followed by a meningo-encephalitic stage characterized by neurologic involvement (sleep disturbances, psychiatric disorders, seizures) that progresses, in the absence of treatment, towards a fatal meningoencephalitis.
Black Cats & Four-Leaf Clovers . New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-399-53609-0 . [ page needed ] ^ Barondess MacLean, Barbara. ... New York: Clarion Books. p. 7 . ISBN 0-618-09642-6 . ^ a b c d "Notable Caul Bearers - Arts" . ... Fourth Estate, 2013, p. 90. ISBN 978-0-00-721395-5 . ^ The Siege of Krishnapur [ permanent dead link ] New York Review Books ^ D.P. ... Vincent Millay. Random House, 2002, p. 18. ISBN 0-375-76081-4 . ^ Woodburn, Kim (7 September 2006). ... Extract by Peter Fitzsimons" . Mamamia . August 8, 2011. ^ Fitzsimons, Peter (2002).
Inappropriate expression of any of these genes may result in mild to severe forms of holoprosencephaly. [ citation needed ] Other candidate genes have been located, including the SHH (holoprosencephaly type 3 a.k.a. HPE3), TGIF , ZIC2 , SIX3 [8] and BOC genes. [9] Although many children with holoprosencephaly have normal chromosomes , specific chromosomal abnormalities have been identified in some patients ( trisomy of chromosome 13 , also known as Patau syndrome ). ... Current Opinion in Genetics & Development . 10 (3): 262–9. doi : 10.1016/s0959-437x(00)00084-8 . PMID 10826992 . ^ Rash BG, Grove EA (October 2007). ... Archived from the original on 2009-05-14. ^ Armand Marie Leroi , Mutants : On the Form, Varieties and Errors of the Human Body , 2003, Harper Perennial, London. ISBN 0-00-653164-4 ^ The Carter Center for Research in holoprosencephaly [1] and [2] Archived 2008-11-21 at the Wayback Machine ^ Hong M, Srivastava K, Kim S, Allen BL, Leahy DJ, Hu P, Roessler E, Krauss RS, Muenke M (2017) BOC is a modifier gene in holoprosencephaly. ... Human Genetics . 125 (1): 95–103. doi : 10.1007/s00439-008-0599-0 . PMC 2692056 . PMID 19057928 . ^ Tekendo-Ngongang C, Muenke M, Kruszka P (1993). ... "The mutational spectrum of the sonic hedgehog gene in holoprosencephaly: SHH mutations cause a significant proportion of autosomal dominant holoprosencephaly". Human Molecular Genetics . 8 (13): 2479–88. doi : 10.1093/hmg/8.13.2479 .
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because it represents a contiguous gene deletion syndrome. A form of holoprosencephaly (HPE10) has been mapped within the deleted region of chromosome 1q41-q42. For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of holoprosencephaly, see HPE1 (236100). See also congenital diaphragmatic hernia (DIH; 142340), which has been associated with deletion of chromosome 1q41-q42. See also Skraban-Deardorff syndrome (SKDEAS; 617616), caused by mutation in the WDR26 gene (617424) on chromosome 1q42, which shows overlapping features with chromosome 1q41-q42 deletion syndrome.
Among 94 fetuses with HPE and a normal karyotype, Bendavid et al. (2006) used quantitative multiplex PCR of short fluorescent fragments (QMPSF) to screen for microdeletions in the 4 major HPE genes, SHH, SIX3 (603714), ZIC2 (603073), and TGIF. Microdeletions were identified in 8 (8.5%) fetuses: 2 in SHH, 2 in SIX3, 3 in ZIC2, and 1 in TGIF.
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because holoprosencephaly-11 (HPE11) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the CDON gene (608707) on chromosome 11q24. For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of holoprosencephaly, see HPE1 (236100). Clinical Features Bae et al. (2011) reported 4 unrelated patients with HPE11. One patient had agenesis of the corpus callosum, hypotelorism, growth hormone deficiency, global developmental delay, and thick eyebrows with synophrys. Another had agenesis of the corpus callosum, alobar HPE, hypotelorism, cleft lip/palate, and absent columella; absent pituitary and polysplenia were noted in this patient at autopsy.
Axial CT scan of the head was interpreted as showing semilobar holoprosencephaly. The infant died at 8 days of age. Kamnasaran et al. (2005) reported 6 patients with HPE and interstitial deletions on proximal chromosome 14q: 1 had alobar HPE and 5 had lobar HPE.
For phenotypic information and a general discussion of genetic heterogeneity in holoprosencephaly (HPE), see HPE1 (236100). Clinical Features Lehman et al. (2001) described a female infant who survived for 5.5 hours after delivery at 33 weeks' gestation. Autopsy showed a lobar variant of holoprosencephaly. Cytogenetics By cytogenetic analysis in an infant with a lobar variant of holoprosencephaly, Lehman et al. (2001) identified a 2q37.1-q37.3 deletion. This case represented the fourth reported case of HPE associated with partial monosomy 2q37 and the first with an apparently isolated 2q37 deletion. Lehman et al. (2001) suggested that the deleted segment may contain yet another locus, here designated HPE6, which, when disrupted, can lead to brain malformations within the HPE spectrum.
Nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly is an abnormality of brain development that also affects the head and face. Normally, the brain divides into two halves (hemispheres ) during early development. Holoprosencephaly occurs when the brain fails to divide properly into the right and left hemispheres. This condition is called nonsyndromic to distinguish it from other types of holoprosencephaly caused by genetic syndromes, chromosome abnormalities, or substances that cause birth defects (teratogens). The severity of nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly varies widely among affected individuals, even within the same family.
Holoprosencephaly is an abnormality of brain development in which the brain doesn't properly divide into the right and left hemispheres. The condition can also affect development of the head and face. There are 4 types of holoprosencephaly, distinguished by severity. From most to least severe, the 4 types are alobar, semi-lobar, lobar, and middle interhemispheric variant (MIHV). In general, the severity of any facial defects corresponds to the severity of the brain defect. The most severely affected people have one central eye (cyclopia) and a tubular nasal structure (proboscis) located above the eye.
The clinical manifestations, including the HPE microforms, did not differ between individuals in the unlinked kindred and those in the other 8 kindreds linked to 7q36. Molecular Genetics Roessler et al. (1996) identified SHH as the gene responsible for HPE3. ... They identified 3 novel mutations, 2 in the SHH gene and 1 in the ZIC2 gene. Their results explained 8% (2 of 26 newborn samples) of the HPE cases in the South American population studied. Among 94 fetuses with HPE and a normal karyotype, Bendavid et al. (2006) used quantitative multiplex PCR of short fluorescent fragments (QMPSF) to screen for microdeletions in the 4 major HPE genes, SHH, SIX3, ZIC2, and TGIF. Microdeletions were identified in 8 (8.5%) fetuses: 2 in SHH, 2 in SIX3, 3 in ZIC2, and 1 in TGIF.
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that holoprosencephaly-7 (HPE7) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the PTCH1 gene (601309) on chromosome 9q22. For phenotypic information and a general discussion of genetic heterogeneity in holoprosencephaly, see HPE1 (236100). Description Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most commonly occurring congenital structural forebrain anomaly in humans. HPE is associated with mental retardation and craniofacial malformations. Considerable heterogeneity in the genetic causes of HPE has been demonstrated (Ming et al., 2002).
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) and SMMCI syndrome are caused by heterozygous mutation in the Sonic hedgehog gene (SHH; 600725) on chromosome 7q36. Clinical Features Rappaport et al. (1976, 1977) reported 7 unrelated patients with single (unpaired) deciduous and permanent maxillary central incisors and short stature. Five of them had isolated growth hormone deficiency. The other 2 had normal growth hormone responses but were short of stature. No similar or possibly related abnormalities were present in the 7 families. Rappaport et al. (1976) used the term monosuperoincisivodontic dwarfism to describe the association of short stature and solitary incisor.
Description Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most common structural malformation of the human forebrain and occurs after failed or abbreviated midline cleavage of the developing brain during the third and fourth weeks of gestation. HPE occurs in up to 1 in 250 gestations, but only 1 in 8,000 live births (Lacbawan et al., 2009). Classically, 3 degrees of severity defined by the extent of brain malformation have been described. In the most severe form, 'alobar HPE,' there is a single ventricle and no interhemispheric fissure. The olfactory bulbs and tracts and the corpus callosum are typically absent.
A rare complex brain malformation characterized by incomplete cleavage of the prosencephalon, and affecting both the forebrain and face and resulting in neurological manifestations and facial anomalies of variable severity. Epidemiology Prevalence is estimated to be 1/10,000 live and still births and 1/250 conceptuses, with worldwide distribution. Clinical description Three classical forms of holoprosencephaly (HPE) of increasing severity are described based on the degree of anatomical separation: lobar, semi-lobar and alobar HPE. Milder subtypes include midline interhemispheric variant and septopreoptic HPE. There is, however, a continuous spectrum of abnormal separation of the hemispheres that extends from aprosencephaly/atelencephaly, the most severe end of the spectrum, to microform HPE, a less severe midline defect without the typical HPE brain characteristics.
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Prism-induced fixation disparity curves (prism FD-curves) can be characterized by the following parameters: [8] [13] [11] the y-intercept refers to the naturally occurring fixation disparity without a prism (FD 0 ) the x-intercept gives the amount of a prism (P 0 ) that compensates a naturally occurring fixation disparity. ... Based on prism-FD curves (Fig. 3b), one can find the aligning prism sP 0 that nullifies the naturally prevailing fixation disparity sFD 0 . ... Edinburgh: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7020-3925-6 . OCLC 785829294 . ^ a b Schroth, Volkhard. (2012). ... Optometry and Vision Science . 63 (8): 631–638. doi : 10.1097/00006324-198608000-00006 . ... Vision Research . 41 (7): 923–933. doi : 10.1016/s0042-6989(00)00322-9 . ISSN 0042-6989 . PMID 11248277 . ^ Jaschinski, Wolfgang (2017).
