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Neuroendocrine Tumor
Wikipedia
G Mitotic count (per 10 HPF ) Ki-67 index (%) GX Grade cannot be assessed G1 < 2 < 3% G2 2 to 20 3–20% G3 > 20 > 20% If mitotic count and Ki-67 are discordant, the figure which gives the highest grade is used. G1 and G2 neuroendocrine neoplasms are called neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) – formerly called carcinoid tumours. ... Not all cells are immediately killed; cell death can go on for up to two years. [ citation needed ] PRRT was initially used for low grade NETs. It is also very useful in more aggressive NETs such as Grade 2 and 3 NETs [83] [84] provided they demonstrate high uptake on SSTR imaging to suggest benefit. ... Berlin: Springer. pp. 195–233. ISBN 978-3-540-43462-7 . ^ a b c d Pommier R. 2003. ... Journal of Endocrinological Investigation . 31 (3): 277–86. doi : 10.1007/bf03345602 .MEN1, CDKN1B, SSTR2, DAXX, ATRX, BRAF, TYMS, PTHLH, SSTR3, SSTR1, BAP1, MTOR, SST, GAST, SLC6A2, INSM1, CTNNB1, RET, PIK3CA, DNMT3A, POMC, EPHB1, PIK3CG, PIK3CD, CHGA, ELK3, CHEK2, PIK3CB, GRN, CD274, SMUG1, AKT1, GNA12, TP53, SYP, VEGFA, CDKN2A, ASCL1, BCL2, ENO2, NCAM1, GCG, MYCN, EGFR, MGMT, KIT, RASSF1, VHL, SCLC1, SSTR5, FOLH1, NKX2-1, KRAS, CALCA, CCND1, TAC1, PTPRF, VIP, NTS, PAX5, RHBDF2, GRP, IGF1, SDHD, GOT1, MAP2K7, CCK, ERBB2, DLL3, PPY, CXCL12, TP63, SMAD4, MUC1, INS, GCGR, CKAP4, NEUROD1, ISL1, MYC, NGF, SATB2, GLP1R, HSP90AA1, H3P10, HRAS, CHGB, CALR, NTRK1, TEK, DLK1, CDK4, CDX2, TGFA, UCHL1, RPE65, PGR, PDGFRA, CARTPT, CRH, UVRAG, SLC5A5, CXCR4, IGF1R, OTP, IL6, PHLDA3, TTF1, PAX8, TACR1, STK11, TRIM21, PLA2G15, SCG2, SQLE, SLC18A2, TERT, HDAC9, SLC2A1, PROM1, BCL2L11, NTSR1, PAX6, NAMPT, NOCT, INA, PLCB3, CD200, MKI67, PDX1, MAPK1, NES, HPSE, PTEN, STMN1, ABO, RIPK1, RORC, RAF1, IL1B, TRPV1, GATA3, ANGPT2, FOXM1, PTK2B, SDHAF2, ACCS, BDNF, EPAS1, EGF, ACSS2, MIB1, DNMT1, CCN2, TRPM8, CLDN4, CPE, CD34, CD44, FLNA, CEACAM5, B3GAT1, GH1, GIP, GHSR, GIPR, ADCY2, ALB, H3P28, TPPP2, H4C5, GGH, MIR1290, TMEM209, ELOA3, H4C13, H4C14, GPR151, SRPX, LGR5, TNFSF11, PSMG1, DCBLD2, H4-16, NRP1, MRGPRX4, SOCS1, H4C2, MIR3137, MRGPRX3, TNFRSF25, H3P12, CYYR1, AZIN2, DNER, AK6, MLIP, LMLN, NRP2, GPR68, MIR1246, H4C8, MAFK, MIR150, MIR155, MBOAT4, H4C9, MIR21, POTEKP, VN1R17P, SNORD95, GPR166P, ARID1A, EID3, SLC7A5, MIR375, H4C15, FZD4, MIRLET7C, OXER1, H4C12, HMGA2, H4C3, ARX, ELOA3B, GPRC6A, H4C11, H4C6, C17orf97, POTEM, MRGPRX1, ARMH1, H4C1, GADL1, ACTBL2, H4C4, BRI3, SQSTM1, ISYNA1, GHRL, ACOT7, KLF12, KRT20, SLC27A4, TET2, BCOR, EBNA1BP2, RALBP1, PGRMC1, LAMTOR1, FBXW7, MEG3, MAML3, TMEM127, NTNG1, ATRAID, KHDRBS1, DCTN4, SNORD61, NUP62, SNORD48, NTSR2, LPAR3, MAPK8IP2, SRRM2, BRD4, TRAM1, SPINK4, XIST, PPWD1, RBMS3, SETD1B, ZHX2, TNFSF13B, USE1, MAK16, UBE2Z, ONECUT2, FHL5, GCM2, DCLK1, ZBED1, ARHGEF2, PALB2, ALG9, SNED1, TET1, PDCD1LG2, TMPRSS13, MTA1, RPAIN, H1-10, EEF1E1, LGR6, PRMT5, NEUROD4, YAP1, SCML2, LANCL1, PAK4, RABEPK, ZNF197, CTNNBL1, PNO1, INSL5, EPB41L5, HDAC5, AKT3, CD302, GBA3, DCAF1, ATAT1, SERPINA3, VCL, CGA, ESR1, ERBB4, EPHB2, E2F1, DUSP2, DSG3, DPT, DPP4, DMBT1, DDC, DAD1, VCAN, CREB1, CRABP1, KLF6, CLU, FOXN3, CEACAM7, CEACAM3, ESR2, ETFA, EZH2, GHRH, HSPA4, AGFG1, HMOX1, HMGA1, GTF2H1, GSN, GNAS, GNA15, GFRA1, F3, GDNF, FSHR, FLT4, FLII, FLI1, FOXO1, FHIT, FGFR4, CGB3, CFL1, UQCRFS1, CDKN2C, FAS, APRT, APLP1, XIAP, APC, SLC25A6, SLC25A4, ANGPT1, ALK, AKT2, AFP, PARP1, ADCYAP1R1, ADCYAP1, ACVRL1, ACTN4, ACTG2, ACTG1, ACR, AQP4, ARF1, ATM, CASP3, CDK6, CD40LG, CD36, CD33, CCNE1, CCKBR, SERPINA6, CAV1, CA9, ATOH1, VPS51, C5, BRS3, BRCA2, DST, BAX, AVP, ATP4A, HTC2, HTR2A, TNC, IAPP, SDC1, SCT, SORT1, RNASE3, RARB, PTPRZ1, PTPRM, PTBP1, PSMD7, PSG2, PRKAR1A, PPP4C, POU4F1, PNN, PKD2, PITX2, PCYT1A, SERPINA5, PAX4, SDCBP, SDHB, SDHC, ST2, UBE2I, TPM3, TPH1, TNF, TM7SF2, TERC, TAT, STAT3, SSTR4, SEMA3F, SSR2, SOX11, SOX4, SOX2, SLPI, SLC3A2, SLC1A5, SFRP1, PAK3, PAK1, TNFRSF11B, KIF11, MDK, MAOA, LCN2, RPSA, L1CAM, KRT19, KRT7, KRT5, IL12A, MET, IL9, CXCL8, IL2, IL1A, IGFBP1, IGF2, IFNA13, IFNA1, MDM2, MFAP1, ODC1, MUTYH, NTRK2, NT5E, NRAS, NOTCH3, NPY, NOTCH1, NFKB1, NEFM, MUC4, CD99, NUDT1, COX2, MTAP, MST1R, MST1, MSMB, MMP7, MLH1, PTPRC
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Malaria
Wikipedia
The mosquitoes remain on the wall until they fall down dead on the floor. Insecticide treated nets [ edit ] A mosquito net in use. Mosquito nets help keep mosquitoes away from people and reduce infection rates and transmission of malaria. Nets are not a perfect barrier and are often treated with an insecticide designed to kill the mosquito before it has time to find a way past the net. Insecticide-treated nets are estimated to be twice as effective as untreated nets and offer greater than 70% protection compared with no net. [73] Between 2000 and 2008, the use of ITNs saved the lives of an estimated 250,000 infants in Sub-Saharan Africa. [74] About 13% of households in Sub-Saharan countries owned ITNs in 2007 [75] and 31% of African households were estimated to own at least one ITN in 2008. ... That number increased to 20.3 million (18.5%) African children using ITNs in 2007, leaving 89.6 million children unprotected [76] and to 68% African children using mosquito nets in 2015. [77] Most nets are impregnated with pyrethroids , a class of insecticides with low toxicity . ... According to the WHO and UNICEF, deaths attributable to malaria in 2015 were reduced by 60% [77] from a 2000 estimate of 985,000, largely due to the widespread use of insecticide-treated nets and artemisinin-based combination therapies. [74] In 2012, there were 207 million cases of malaria.ICAM1, FCGR2B, HBB, CD36, NOS2, FCGR2A, TNF, CR1, G6PD, CRP, HP, ACKR1, GYPA, SLC4A1, GYPB, NCR3, TIRAP, GYPC, LTBR, CISH, IFNG, HMOX1, PKLR, ABO, ANK1, AQP4, ATP2B4, HBG2, CYTB, ENOSF1, MSMB, MST1, ZNF536, LINC00944, SMARCB1, DHODH, PDR, TREML4, ZNF804A, OR51F1, OR51B5, CDH13, PROCR, SPATA3, OR51N1P, DHFR, DDT, RECQL4, FAM155A, IGHG3, IL4, MMP26, IL6, IL10, TLR9, HLA-DRB1, CSMD1, HBE1, DNAJC5, TMPRSS13, KLHL3, HDGFL2, TLR4, ATAD1, LMLN, TENM3-AS1, MECP2, POMGNT2, MBL2, TFRC, TGFB1, MIF, HLA-B, HAMP, DHPS, SERPINA3, TLR2, IL1B, FOXP3, FHL5, ACOT7, POTEKP, POTEM, GEM, KIR3DL1, RN7SL263P, ACTG2, ACTG1, ACTB, ACTBL2, HBA2, CYP2B6, HSPA4, LSAMP, TRAP, FCGR3B, HSP90AA1, IL1A, LAMP3, CD81, OR10A4, CCL5, ABCB1, FAS, CD40LG, TEP1, CXCL8, IARS1, HLA-G, CTLA4, HBA1, INSRR, ANGPT2, TYMS, CFH, GSTP1, IFNAR1, AGT, GYPE, FCGR3A, TXN, IL13, HSPB3, APOE, MTCO2P12, ISYNA1, FCGR2C, FYB1, VDR, HLA-A, GSTM1, GSR, ATR, MBL3P, LAIR1, PNP, IL12B, MNAT1, IL1RN, CYP2D6, IGF1, CD55, ACHE, DECR1, COX2, IL3, CCL2, MAPK1, NLRP3, FBXW7, HAVCR2, THBD, VPS51, EMP1, ITGA2B, PTGS2, ANC, IL10RA, XPO1, VNN1, PLEK, UMPS, IL2, IL2RA, TPPP, VWF, ISG20, ADAMTS13, IRF1, IL7R, AIMP2, IL12RB1, CLEC11A, METAP2, CDK5R1, ING1, IL18R1, PGD, HAP1, H6PD, PRDX5, GRAP2, CXCL9, MMP9, MPO, TAP1, CCL4L2, COX1, EBI3, ITGAX, COX3, TLR6, CXCL11, MTHFR, NFKB2, NFYA, NOS1, TBC1D9, ORC1, MCF2, AKAP13, RNF19A, TLR7, NT5C3A, IRAK4, KIR2DS1, CCL4, KIR3DL2, ICOS, COQ2, PSIP1, PECAM1, TPT1, RNASE3, ARTN, TP53, POLDIP2, PDCD1, TLR1, AHSA1, UBL4A, AQP3, AGRP, H3C9P, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, GTF2H4, CRK, RNA18SN5, ANXA2, H3P37, CASP1, NANP, CCL4L1, MAPK14, CXCR3, GNAS, GLO1, FCN2, SMIM10L2B, FKBP4, CD27, FOXO3, RBM45, HM13, IL33, HK1, CCR5, IFNA13, IFNA1, H3P42, DNAJB1, CHIT1, CYP3A4, SMIM10L2A, EGF, CHI3L1, CAT, EPHA2, NSFL1C, ADRB2, MYMX, COX8A, GAPDH, ABCB6, NR1I3, TREML1, PUM3, FMN1, TICAM2, TRIM13, BMS1, FZD4, RABEPK, LANCL1, FUT9, TNFSF13B, DCTN6, CXCR6, ARL6IP5, MRGPRX1, ZNRD2, ASPM, KAT5, RAB7B, CIB1, SEMA3C, ARMH1, STING1, CFDP1, CPQ, MYLK4, DLC1, AKR1A1, PIEZO1, TMPRSS11D, HDAC9, CARTPT, DEFB4B, TIMELESS, SPHK1, TMED7-TICAM2, PSC, VNN2, PROM1, UPK3B, H3P23, H3P28, TNFRSF11A, TNFRSF18, TP63, PDXK, CNTNAP1, DHX16, STK24, H3P19, LOH19CR1, WASHC1, WASH6P, LPAR2, MIR146A, APOBEC3B, SPAG6, CLOCK, ATG5, MIR142, AIM2, ABCG2, PCSK9, MIR155, NCF1, PPIG, MIR29A, VN1R17P, GPR166P, CD163, MIR451A, CXADRP1, ARHGEF2, CERS1, SPINK5, MASP2, GEMIN4, ACD, TLR8, MPPE1, MCPH1, HSPA14, RNF34, TMED7, ARMC9, PPP1R2C, IL22, TRAF3IP2, A1CF, PDCD1LG2, SLC44A4, SGSM3, MCAT, HPGDS, B3GAT1, ROPN1L, PHGDH, RAB14, IL23A, ABCG4, IFIH1, CFC1, BTNL2, MARCHF1, POLE4, CMC2, TMED9, ACKR3, PDXP, RHOF, AICDA, POLD4, RBM25, TOLLIP, TREM1, LGR6, ADA2, BACH2, ERAP1, GOLPH3, PARS2, KRT88P, TRIM5, IL17RE, CHP1, GPR151, NRSN1, EIF5AL1, CD160, APCDD1, ERFE, OXER1, DNAJB1P1, DSTN, GPRC6A, CCNI, ADIRF, EBNA1BP2, TMED2, EHD1, RNPS1, HPSE, SEPTIN9, SCLT1, NT5C2, SLC25A21, LEO1, NLRP12, TIMD4, CDCA5, DBA2, CARD16, PTPMT1, CGAS, RAB39B, TADA1, MRGPRX3, MRGPRX4, PGLS, PANX1, SPO11, LPAR3, CBX5, POFUT2, SPPL3, NBEAL2, LUC7L, PTPRC, FGF23, EIF5, FLT3LG, FLT1, FECH, FBN2, FBN1, FANCD2, F3, EPO, ENO2, ADGRE1, ELK4, ELF4, EIF5A, EIF4G2, CXADR, EGR3, EDNRA, EDN1, S1PR3, RCAN1, ATN1, DNMT1, DEFB4A, DHX9, ACE, DBP, CYP1A2, CYC1, GABPA, GCHFR, GDF1, GPR42, IL4R, IL1R1, IGFBP1, IFNGR1, IFNB1, IFNA2, IFI27, IDE, HTN3, HSPA9, HSD11B1, HRES1, HPRT1, HPR, HPGD, HMGB1, HLA-DOA, UBE2K, HGF, SERPIND1, HBG1, GTF3A, GSTT1, GSN, GPX1, GPT, GRK5, CYBB, CTSL, IL9, ANXA1, C3, BSG, BRS3, BRCA2, PRDM1, BCL2, BAX, ASPA, ASIP, ARR3, NUDT2, ANXA7, ANXA4, ANPEP, CSH2, AMBP, ALOX5, ALB, AHR, AFP, ADSL, ADRA2B, ADRA1A, ADORA2A, ADH1B, ADA, ACP1, ACACA, CAST, CASR, CD1B, CD1C, CSH1, CSF1R, CSF1, CS, CRYZ, CREM, CR2, CLDN4, CPB1, CNTF, CCR4, CLU, ERCC8, CTSC, CEL, CDC25C, CD69, CD68, CD40, ENTPD1, CD34, CD28, CD19, CD14, CD9, CD1E, CD1D, IL5, IL12A, FOSL1, SELE, SPTA1, SPP1, SPINK1, SPG7, SOD3, SOD1, SMN1, SLC16A1, SLC11A1, SLC6A7, SLC2A1, SGCG, SET, SEA, ABCA1, SDC1, CXCL5, CCL22, CCL18, CCL3L1, CCL3, CCL1, SAFB, SORT1, RPS19, RBP2, RANBP2, PEX19, SSR2, SSTR4, DENND2B, STAT6, DDX39B, PRRC2A, PFBI, RAB7A, CXCR4, MOGS, ZBTB16, TRPV1, VCP, USP1, TYRP1, TTR, TTPA, TRPC1, TRP-AGG2-5, TPO, TPH1, TNFRSF1B, TLR3, TGFB2, TRBV20OR9-2, TCN2, HNF1A, TADA2A, ADAM17, TAC1, STK3, PTPRH, PTHLH, IL15, KIR3DS1, MAL, MAF, LTB, LTA, LMAN1, LEPR, LDLR, LCN2, LBR, RPSA, LAG3, KRT13, KNG1, KIR2DS5, PSMD9, KIR2DL3, KIR2DL2, KDR, KCNG1, KARS1, ITPA, ITGB2, ITGAM, ITGAL, CXCL10, IDO1, ILF3, IL18, MAP2, MAP6, MEFV, MVD, PSMD7, PSMD2, PSMB9, PSEN1, PSAP, PRSS1, PROC, MAP2K1, PRKG1, PRKAR1A, PPP1R1A, PPARG, SEPTIN4, PLP1, PGM1, PGAM1, P2RX7, SLC22A18, TNFRSF11B, OMD, ODC1, NOS3, NQO2, NFE2L2, NEK2, MYD88, MYC, H3P5
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Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Wikipedia
PanNETs are a type of neuroendocrine tumor , representing about one third of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). Many PanNETs are benign , while some are malignant . ... "Update on pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors" . Gland Surgery . 3 (4): 258–75. doi : 10.3978/j.issn.2227-684X.2014.06.03 . ... "Therapeutic Implications of Molecular Subtyping for Pancreatic Cancer" . Oncology (Williston Park) . 31 (3): 159–66, 168. PMID 28299752 . ^ National Cancer Institute. Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors) Treatment (PDQ®) Incidence and Mortality [3] ^ Öberg K, Knigge U, Kwekkeboom D, Perren A (October 2012). ... Humana Press, Cham. pp. 127–140. doi : 10.1007/978-3-319-46038-3_6 . ISBN 9783319460369 . ^ a b c d e Jiao Y, Shi C, Edil BH, de Wilde RF, Klimstra DS, Maitra A, et al.MEN1, ATRX, DAXX, ELK3, TP53, EPHB1, SLC6A2, CEACAM5, CEACAM7, UQCRFS1, DHDDS, CHPT1, RALBP1, CIB1, SEMA4D, RIPK1, CXCR4, VEGFA, TTR, GNA12, TSC2, TFE3, CDKN1B, PSG2, POMC, MYCN, CEACAM3, GRN, MUC16
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Azotemia, Familial
OMIM
Hsu et al. (1978) described a family in which 6 persons in 3 generations had elevated serum urea with normal creatine levels, renal biopsy and all measures of renal function except urea clearance. ... Furthermore, urea is reabsorbed actively by the tubule; this process is apparently brought into play particularly in states of low protein intake. Net reabsorption might be due to exaggerated active reabsorption or to deficient secretion.
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Esophageal Food Bolus Obstruction
Wikipedia
] and the use of large-bore tubes inserted into the esophagus to forcefully lavage it. [17] [ unreliable medical source? ] Endoscopic [ edit ] The Roth net can be inserted through the endoscope to remove pieces of the obstructed food. ... Primary and definitive diagnosis and therapy". Surgical Endoscopy . 3 (4): 195–8. doi : 10.1007/BF02171545 . ... British Medical Journal . 1 (5957): 561–3. doi : 10.1136/bmj.1.5957.561 . PMC 1672660 . ... Diseases of the Esophagus . 15 (4): 330–3. doi : 10.1046/j.1442-2050.2002.00271.x . ... Digestive Diseases and Sciences . 25 (2): 100–3. doi : 10.1007/bf01308305 . PMID 7353455 . ^ a b Katsinelos P, Kountouras J, Paroutoglou G, Zavos C, Mimidis K, Chatzimavroudis G (2006).
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Afterdepolarization
Wikipedia
Abnormal depolarizations of cardiac myocytes Afterdepolarizations are abnormal depolarizations of cardiac myocytes that interrupt phase 2, phase 3, or phase 4 of the cardiac action potential in the electrical conduction system of the heart . ... Early afterdepolarizations [ edit ] Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) occur with abnormal depolarization during phase 2 or phase 3, and are caused by an increase in the frequency of abortive action potentials before normal repolarization is completed. Phase 2 may be interrupted due to augmented opening of calcium channels , while phase 3 interruptions are due to the opening of sodium channels . ... They are due to elevated cytosolic calcium concentrations, classically seen with digoxin toxicity. [3] [4] The overload of the sarcoplasmic reticulum may cause spontaneous Ca 2+ release after repolarization, causing the released Ca 2+ to exit the cell through the 3Na + /Ca 2+ -exchanger. This results in a net depolarizing current. The classical feature is Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia .
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Dogger Bank Itch
Wikipedia
Dogger Bank itch Specialty Dermatology Dogger Bank itch is a cutaneous condition characterized by a long-lasting dermatitis caused by exposure to the sea chervil , Alcyonidium diaphanum , a bryozoan . [1] The disease, common in fishermen who work in the North Sea , has been recognized by the Danish Workman's Compensation Act since 1939. [2] Contents 1 Pathogenesis 2 Treatment 3 Epidemiology 4 History 5 See also 6 References Pathogenesis [ edit ] The structural formula of the toxin responsible for Dogger Bank itch The rash is caused by a type of cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction; this type of hypersensitivity normally occurs in people who become sensitized to volatile organic compounds . ... In Dogger Bank itch, sensitivity is acquired after repeated handling of the sea chervils that become entangled in fishing nets. [ citation needed ] The specific toxin responsible for the rash was determined to be the sulfur -bearing salt (2-hydroxyethyl) dimethylsulfoxonium chloride. [3] This salt is also found in some sea sponges and has potent in vitro activity against leukemia cells. [4] Treatment [ edit ] A study of two cases in 2001 suggests that the rash responds to oral ciclosporin . ... The sea chervil, abundant in the area, frequently came up with the fishing nets and had to be thrown back into the water. ... British Journal of Dermatology . 69 (3): 92–93. doi : 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1957.tb13235.x . v t e Medicine Specialties and subspecialties Surgery Cardiac surgery Cardiothoracic surgery Colorectal surgery Eye surgery General surgery Neurosurgery Oral and maxillofacial surgery Orthopedic surgery Hand surgery Otolaryngology ENT Pediatric surgery Plastic surgery Reproductive surgery Surgical oncology Transplant surgery Trauma surgery Urology Andrology Vascular surgery Internal medicine Allergy / Immunology Angiology Cardiology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Hepatology Geriatrics Hematology Hospital medicine Infectious disease Nephrology Oncology Pulmonology Rheumatology Obstetrics and gynaecology Gynaecology Gynecologic oncology Maternal–fetal medicine Obstetrics Reproductive endocrinology and infertility Urogynecology Diagnostic Radiology Interventional radiology Nuclear medicine Pathology Anatomical Clinical pathology Clinical chemistry Cytopathology Medical microbiology Transfusion medicine Other Addiction medicine Adolescent medicine Anesthesiology Dermatology Disaster medicine Diving medicine Emergency medicine Mass gathering medicine Family medicine General practice Hospital medicine Intensive care medicine Medical genetics Narcology Neurology Clinical neurophysiology Occupational medicine Ophthalmology Oral medicine Pain management Palliative care Pediatrics Neonatology Physical medicine and rehabilitation PM&R Preventive medicine Psychiatry Addiction psychiatry Radiation oncology Reproductive medicine Sexual medicine Sleep medicine Sports medicine Transplantation medicine Tropical medicine Travel medicine Venereology Medical education Medical school Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery Bachelor of Medical Sciences Master of Medicine Master of Surgery Doctor of Medicine Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine MD–PhD Related topics Alternative medicine Allied health Dentistry Podiatry Pharmacy Physiotherapy Molecular oncology Nanomedicine Personalized medicine Public health Rural health Therapy Traditional medicine Veterinary medicine Physician Chief physician History of medicine Book Category Commons Wikiproject Portal Outline
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West Nile Fever
Wikipedia
"West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease". Annals of Neurology . 60 (3): 286–300. doi : 10.1002/ana.20959 . ... Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases . 5 (3): 252–7. doi : 10.1089/vbz.2005.5.252 . ... "Punctate exanthem of West Nile Virus infection: report of 3 cases". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol . 51 (5): 820–3. doi : 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.05.031 . ... Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (Submitted manuscript). 3 (3): 99–110. doi : 10.1089/153036603768395799 . ... Journal of Virological Methods . 51 (2–3): 201–10. doi : 10.1016/0166-0934(94)00105-P .CCR5, ERVK-32, ROBO3, MAVS, DDX58, PLAAT4, IFIT2, ERVK-6, STAT1, SPP1, OAS1, IL1B, IFNB1, RNASEL, CASP8, HLA-DRB1, PELI1, SELENBP1, ARHGEF2, LRRFIP1, NAMPT, TRAIP, RIPK3, SEC14L2, CSF1R, LAMP3, ERVW-1, FOXP3, ZMYND10, DDX56, CCR7, VCP, CDKN2A, IFIH1, DHX58, ZBP1, HAVCR2, PIK3IP1, NLRP3, TNFRSF13C, TRIM6, RBM45, CCR2, ERVK-20, ERVK-18, VAMP8, TNFRSF1A, IFNA1, TNF, IFNA13, HLA-DQA1, IL1A, HLA-C, IL10, IL17A, IL18, IRF3, IRF5, KIR2DL2, KIR3DL1, KIR3DS1, LSAMP, CD180, SMAD4, MMP9, HLA-A, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD, PIK3CG, PZP, GLS, CASP1, SNCA, GEM, DDX3X, TAP1, TLR3, ATF4
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Mosquito Bites
Mayo Clinic
Avoid and exclude mosquitoes Limit exposure to mosquitoes by: Repairing any tears in the screens on windows, doors and camping gear Using mosquito netting over strollers and cribs Using mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors Selecting self-care products that don't have scents Use insect repellent Use insect repellent when mosquitoes are active. ... Don't use icaridin on infants younger than 6 months Check the labels of products with oil of lemon eucalyptus — some aren't suitable for children under 3 years old. Don't use para-menthane-diol on children under 3 years old Don't let young children get insect repellent on their hands, as they might get it in their mouths. ... Some sporting goods stores sell clothing pretreated with permethrin. Don't wash bed nets or set them in sunlight, as this breaks down permethrin.
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Clanging
Wikipedia
This is associated with the irregular thinking apparent in psychotic mental illnesses (e.g. mania and schizophrenia ). [1] Gustav Aschaffenburg found that manic individuals generated these "clang-associations" roughly 10–50 times more than non-manic individuals. [2] Aschaffenburg also found that the frequency of these associations increased for all individuals as they became more fatigued. [3] Clanging refers specifically to behavior that is situationally inappropriate. ... Livingstone. p. 32 . ^ Spitzer, Manfred (1999). The mind within the net: Models of learning, thinking, and acting .
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Leishmaniasis
Wikipedia
Many Phlebotomine sandfly attacks occur at sunset rather than at night, so it may also be useful to put nets over doors and windows or to use insect repellents . ... The treatment is determined by where the disease is acquired, the species of Leishmania , and the type of infection. [2] For visceral leishmaniasis in India, South America, and the Mediterranean, liposomal amphotericin B is the recommended treatment and is often used as a single dose. [3] [7] Rates of cure with a single dose of amphotericin have been reported as 95%. [3] In India, almost all infections are resistant to pentavalent antimonials . [3] In Africa, a combination of pentavalent antimonials and paromomycin is recommended. [7] These, however, can have significant side effects. [3] Miltefosine , an oral medication, is effective against both visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. [8] Side effects are generally mild, though it can cause birth defects if taken within 3 months of getting pregnant. [3] [8] It does not appear to work for L. major or L. braziliensis . [9] The evidence around the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis is poor. [3] A number of topical treatments may be used for cutaneous leishmaniasis. ... Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease . 5 (3): 150–8. doi : 10.1016/j.tmaid.2006.09.004 . ... Journal of the German Society of Dermatology . 13 (3): 191–200, quiz 201. doi : 10.1111/ddg.12595 . ... The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . 3 : CD012261. doi : 10.1002/14651858.CD012261.pub2 .TNF, IFNG, IL10, IL6, ARG1, IL18, CRP, TNFRSF18, MCL1, HSPA4, IL1B, SLC11A1, CXCL10, NLRP3, IL17A, TLR2, CCR5, TLR4, IL32, PRDX2, LEP, TGFB1, CD274, FCN2, CD163, MTOR, HM13, IL4, BCL2, BAX, LMLN, IGF1, HIF1A, ANXA1, VDR, UNG, TAM, NR0B2, EZR, ADA, TLR3, STAT1, MAPK3, MAPK4, EIF2AK2, PSG5, PSMD7, PTHLH, PTPN1, PTPN2, PTPN6, RPA1, RPS6, CCL2, CCL8, CXCL11, SLC1A5, SLC1A7, SNAP25, SOAT1, SPP1, TP63, EIF2S2, CDK5R1, GOPC, FOXP3, HSPA14, CD244, TOLLIP, FBLIM1, MSTO1, FBXW7, ACSS2, PDXP, SLC52A2, ALDH1A2, TMPRSS13, DCLK3, IL33, CDCA5, PWAR1, ARMH1, HNP1, CCR2, UPK3B, DLL1, SGSM3, NOX1, PABPC1, NR1I2, SPHK1, EIF2B4, EIF2B2, PRKAB1, HSPB3, SLC7A6, ARHGEF2, AIM2, H6PD, RABEPK, LANCL1, TNFSF13B, EBNA1BP2, CD160, GABARAPL2, GABARAPL1, PRDX5, POLR1A, MAPK1, NOS2, PRKAA2, PRKAA1, CST3, CTLA4, CTSB, CTSL, CYP51A1, DDT, DHFR, DPAGT1, DPP4, DSPP, DUSP4, EEF1B2, EEF2, EGFR, EIF2B1, F2R, FCGR2A, FECH, FLI1, CPB1, CCR7, LRBA, ATR, AKT1, ALDH1A1, APEX1, APRT, AQP1, ATM, ATP2A3, ATP2B4, PRDM1, CD69, BRCA1, CAPN1, CD1A, CD28, CD86, CD40, CD40LG, CD44, FPR2, G6PD, GAPDH, CYTB, MNAT1, CD200, MPG, MPL, MPST, MRC1, MSMB, MST1, AHR, MFAP1, PAEP, PHB, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD, PIK3CG, PLP1, PNOC, MAP3K10, MBL2, GCHFR, IFNB1, GCK, GTF3C1, HLA-C, HMOX1, HSPD1, IFN1@, IFNA1, IFNA13, IL1A, LTA, IL9, IL12A, IL12RB1, IL13, ITGA4, ITGAL, JAK2, RPSA, H3P28
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Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
GARD
However in some cases, a pancreatic NET occurs outside of the pancreas. A NET arises from cells that produce hormones, so the tumor can also produce hormones. ... Pancreatic NETs are called either functional or nonfunctional. A functional pancreatic NET causes specific symptoms because it makes extra hormones, such as gastrin, insulin, or glucagon. ... Pancreatic NETs can be hard to diagnosis, often not identified until 5 to 10 years after they begin to grow. Most pancreatic NETs are not inherited and occur sporadically in people with no family history of NETs.MEN1, PCSK1, ATM, BRCA2, C11orf65, IGF2, SST, TP53, CDKN2A, SLC6A2, MTOR, EPHB1, POMC, GH1, GCGR, DAXX, ELK3, KRT19, SSTR2, CHGA, SSTR5, UCHL1, FZD4, GCM2, DLGAP1, DCLK1, SSTR4, INA, STK11, EIF2AK3, TFE3, THBD, CXCR4, PAX8, TSC1, TTR, TYMS, VEGFA, ABO, CNPY2, MRGPRX4, GPR166P, VN1R17P, MIR196A1, GADL1, MRGPRX1, GPRC6A, OXER1, GPR119, GPR151, MRGPRX3, SEMA3A, AZIN2, ACCS, STK33, LGR6, ACSS2, MEG3, NEUROG3, LPAR3, LILRB1, PLA2G15, RET, SLC2A3, INSM1, GRN, FFAR1, GHRH, GAST, FGFR4, F3, EGFR, DHCR24, CSF1, CRH, CHGB, CD44, CCK, CALCA, VPS51, ATRX, ASS1, ASCL1, ANGPT2, HSF1, PDX1, SLC2A2, KIT, SLC2A1, SEA, SDHB, SDHA, AKT1, PYGM, PTH, PTEN, PPY, PTPA, PGR, PCYT1A, PCNA, NFKB1, NEUROD1, MUC1, SMAD4, STMN1, KRAS, H3P10
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Neuroendocrine Tumor
GARD
A neuroendocrine tumor (NET) is a rare type of tumor that arises from specialized body cells called neuroendocrine cells . ... Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (also called islet cell tumors) - NETs that typically arise in the pancreas, although they can occur outside the pancreas. A p heochromocytoma is another, rarer type of NET that usually develops in the adrenal gland , but can also arise in other parts of the body. ... Functional NETs produce a specific set of symptoms due to the production of excess hormones, while non-functional NETs generally do not cause specific symptoms. In many cases, a person has no symptoms until the tumor spreads to the liver and/or impairs the function of an organ or system. This can make NETs very hard to diagnose. The majority of NETs are not inherited and occur sporadically in people with no family history of NETs.
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Maple Syrup Urine Disease
GeneReviews
Acute metabolic decompensation is corrected by treating the precipitating stress while delivering sufficient calories, insulin, free amino acids, isoleucine, and valine to achieve sustained net protein synthesis in tissues. Some centers use hemodialysis/hemofiltration to remove BCAAs from the extracellular compartment, but this intervention does not alone establish net protein accretion. ... Genes and Databases for chromosome locus and protein. 3. See Molecular Genetics for information on allelic variants detected in this gene. 4. ... The risk for metabolic crisis in any ill person with MSUD depends on residual in vivo BCKD enzyme activity in relation to the net liberation of free leucine from protein catabolism. ... Plasma leucine levels rise predictably as a result of net protein catabolism provoked by a variety of physiologic stresses, including (more...) ... For asymptomatic individuals; see Table 6 and Table 7 for acute management recommendations. 3. For rapidly growing infants, monitoring weekly or twice weekly is recommended. 4.DBT, BCKDHB, BCKDHA, BCAT2, PPM1K, DLD, ARID4B, BDNF, CTSD, SERPINE1, TNS3, CACNA2D2, MKRN3, UMOD, SPN, NME1, PAH, NBN, MEA1, IL1B, GPR4, GLI2, F2, MECP2
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Mutyh Polyposis
GeneReviews
See Molecular Genetics for information on allelic variants detected in this gene. 3. Sequence analysis detects variants that are benign, likely benign, of uncertain significance, likely pathogenic, or pathogenic. ... The risk for malignancies of the duodenum, ovary, and bladder is also increased, and there is some evidence of an increased risk for breast and endometrial cancer (Table 3). Table 3. Cancer Risks in Individuals with MUTYH Polyposis Compared to the General Population View in own window Cancer Type General Population Risk 1 Risk Associated with MAP 2 Median Age of Onset Colorectal 5.5% 43%-63% by age 60 yrs; 80%-90% lifetime risk w/out surveillance 48 yrs Duodenal <0.3% 4% 61 yrs Ovarian 1.3% 6%-14% 51 yrs Bladder 1%-4% 6%-8% in females; 6%-25% in males 61 yrs Breast 12% 12%-25% 53 yrs Endometrial 2.9% ~3% 51 yrs Gastric <0.7%-1% 1% 38 yrs Pancreatic 1.6% See footnote 3 Skin ~20% 4 See footnote 3 Thyroid 0.6%-1.8% See footnote 3 1. ... Nielsen et al [2006], Lubbe et al [2009], Vogt et al [2009], Win et al [2014], Walton et al [2016] 3. Unclear if the risk for this type of cancer is increased in individuals with MAP 4. ... Two of 15 probands with familial NET of the small intestine and four of 215 individuals with nonfamilial NET of the small intestine were heterozygous for MUTYH pathogenic variant p.Gly396Asp [Dumanski et al 2017]. It is unclear if a heterozygous MUTYH pathogenic variant is a risk factor for NET or ACC, as the risk of NET or ACC in individuals with biallelic MUTYH pathogenic variants appears to be quite low.
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Epithelial Recurrent Erosion Dystrophy
OMIM
Wales (1955) described affected persons in 3 generations. Valle (1967) described a family with 6 affected persons in 3 sibships in 2 generations. ... Vincent et al. (2009) reported 6 affected individuals over 3 generations of a New Zealand family (06NZ-TRB1) with early-onset recurrent erosions associated with an unusual anterior membrane/fleck dystrophy. ... Affected individuals had recurrent episodes of pain, epiphora, and photophobia, 1 to 3 times a year in childhood with a tendency to decrease in the late teens to 20s. Most patients had onset of symptoms between 6 and 7 years of age, although 3 patients reported late onset and 2 family members were asymptomatic despite characteristic corneal changes. ... Oliver et al. (2016) screened 3 more presumably unrelated families with ERED for the COL17A1 mutation, including 1 family from the UK (UKOGA), 1 from New Zealand (15NZ-LED1), and 1 from Tasmania (CDTAS1), and found that the COL17A1 variant segregated with disease in all 3 families.
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Epileptic Encephalopathy, Early Infantile, 45
OMIM
Lien et al. (2016) reported a 32-month-old boy with severe developmental delay and hypotonia who developed refractory epilepsy at age 3 months. Brain imaging was normal. ... In vitro functional studies in HEK293 cells showed that the mutation altered the kinetic properties of the channel, resulting in the net loss of GABAergic inhibition. In a boy with EIEE45, Lien et al. (2016) identified a de novo heterozygous missense mutation in the GABRB1 gene (T287I; 137190.0002).
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Rahman Syndrome
OMIM
Two patients showed increased height and/or head circumference early in life, which normalized in the teenage years, whereas the other 3 patients continued to have increased somatic parameters, particularly head circumference (+1.8 to +3.7 SD). ... Molecular Genetics In 5 unrelated patients with Rahman syndrome, Tatton-Brown et al. (2017) identified 3 different heterozygous truncating mutations in the HIST1H1E gene (142220.0001-142220.0003). ... The truncated proteins were predicted to have a reduced net charge compared to the wildtype protein, rendering them likely to be less effective in neutralizing negatively charged linker DNA.
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Felty Syndrome
Orphanet
Epidemiology FS is estimated to occur in about 1- 3% of RA patients after an average of 10 to 15 years of arthritis. FS is uncommon in the African American population. Clinical description FS is about 3 times more common in females during the third through fifth decades of life (earlier in men). ... Neutrophil extracellular chromatin traps (NETs) containing deiminated histones, in complex with bacterial adjuvants, are the most likely antigenic trigger for the production of autoantibodies to deiminated histones.
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Retinal Dystrophy, Reticular Pigmentary, Of Posterior Pole
OMIM
Schauwvlieghe et al. (2013) described 3 children with reticular dystrophy, 2 North American sisters, aged 10 years and 14 years, and an unrelated 12-year-old Belgian boy. In all 3 patients, both retinas showed the typical symmetric deep reticular pattern of pigmentation, forming a fishnet with knots. ... Variation in the presence of autofluorescent chromophores was observed, with the older sister and the unrelated boy exhibiting a milder and more punctiform hyperautofluorescence of the net, whereas the younger sister showed a more intense hyperautofluorescent pattern.
