Load FindZebra SummaryDisclaimer: FindZebra Search conducts a search using our specialized medical serach engine. FindZebra Summary uses the GPT-3.5-Turbo API (subject to OpenAI’s API data usage policies) to summarize and reason about the search results. The search is conducted in publicly available information on the Internet that we present “as is”. You should be aware that FindZebra is not supplying any of the content in the search results.
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), also called sleeping sickness, is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by a protozoa of the Trypanosoma genus transmitted by the bite of a tsetse fly (genus Glossina ), that is found under its chronic form (average duration of 3 years) in western and central Africa (in case of the T. brucei gambiense sub-species), and under its acute form (lasting from few weeks to 6 months) in eastern and southern Africa (in case of the T. brucei rhodesiense sub-species). HAT comprises an initial hemo-lymphatic stage characterized by fever, weakness, musculoskeletal pain, anemia, and lymphadenopathy, along with dermatologic, cardiac and endocrine complications or hepatosplenomegaly, followed by a meningo-encephalitic stage characterized by neurologic involvement (sleep disturbances, psychiatric disorders, seizures) that progresses, in the absence of treatment, towards a fatal meningoencephalitis.
Jaypee Brothers Publishers. 2007. pp. 347–. ISBN 978-81-8061-996-0 . ^ Leonard J. Deftos (1 January 1998). ... Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 73–. ISBN 978-0-7591-2332-8 . ^ Vasan; R.S. (1 January 1998). ... Biochemistry and Function of Sterols . CRC Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN 978-0-8493-7674-0 . ^ Michael Crocetti; Michael A. ... Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 564–. ISBN 978-0-7817-3770-8 . ^ W. Steven Pray (2006). ... Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 1281–. ISBN 978-0-323-08678-3 . ^ Guy I. Benrubi (28 March 2012).
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 2199–. ISBN 978-0-7817-5777-5 . ^ Andres Kanner; Steven C. Schachter (28 July 2010). Psychiatric Controversies in Epilepsy . Elsevier. pp. 54–. ISBN 978-0-08-055959-9 . ^ Michael R. Trimble; Bettina Schmitz (9 June 2011). ... Oxford University Press. pp. 147–. ISBN 978-0-19-970699-0 .
Foot deformities were first observed between ages two and ten years, were moderately or severely disabling, and required surgery in 6% (1/18) to 11% (3/28) of cases (Table 2). Table 2. Occurrence of Manifestations of CMT4C by Study View in own window Study Finding Study (Total Patients) Azzedine et al [2006] (28) Colomer et al [2006] (14) Senderek et al [2003] (18) Houlden et al [2009] (6) Baets et al [2011] (9) Laššuthová et al [2011] (16) Yger et al [2012] (14) Fischer et al [2012] (6) Cumulative Data Age at onset 1 st symptoms 2-10 4-39 Infancy-12 1-16 <1 1-12 1-12 ND 1-16 Neuropathy 2-10 Infancy-12 1-16 <1 2-50 2-50 2-25 1-50 Age at (last) exam (yrs) 5-45 8-45 11-56 8-42 ND ND 8-59 5-59 Foot deformity Pes cavus 20/28 14/14 1 8/18 Yes ND 13/15 12/14 ND Pes planus 7/28 4/18 Yes ND no no ND Pes valgus 1/28 ND ND ND no 3/14 ND Other No Hammer toes 8/18 Small feet ND Hammer toes no ND Total 28/28 14/14 13/18 2 6/6 1 7/9 14/15 14/14 ND 96/104 (92%) Age at onset (yrs) 2-10 No data 2-12 ND ND ND 1,12 3 ND 1-12 Surgery 3/28 None 1/13 No ND 9/14 4/14 ND 17/69 (24%) Spine deformity Total 27/28 5/14 4 11/18 4 6/6 6/9 10/12 12/12 5/6 82/105 (78%) Age at onset (yrs) 2-10 4 4-12 5 ND 2, 6, 7, 12 6 ND 7-15 ND 2-15 Surgery 7 7 + 6 8 = 13/27 1/14 1/11 3/6 3/6 ND 1/12 ND 22/76 (29%) ND = not done or not documented 1. ... Additional Clinical Findings in CMT4C by Study View in own window Clinical Finding Study (Total Patients) Azzedine et al [2006] (28) Colomer et al [2006] (14) Senderek et al [2003] (18) Houlden et al [2009] (6) Baets et al [2011] (9) Laššuthová et al [2011] (16) Yger et al [2012] (14) Cumulative Data Hypoacusis 5/280/14 2/18 0/6 0/9 0/15 8/13 15/103 Deafness 0/28 5/14 1/18 2/6 1/9 3/15 0/13 12/103 Nystagmus 0/280/14 2/18 0/6 2/9 0/15 0/13 4/103 Pupillary light reflexes 0/28 3/14 0/18 1/6 0/9 0/15 14/13 4/20 Other pupillary disturbances -- -- -- Asymmetric size 1/6 -- -- -- 1/6 Lingual fasciculation -- 3/14 -- -- -- -- -- 3/14 Tongue atrophy and/or weakness -- -- -- 1/6 -- -- 2/13 3/19 Facial paresis 1/28 -- -- 1/6 1/9 -- 4/13 7/56 Facial weakness -- -- -- 1/6 -- -- -- 1/6 Head tremor -- 2/14 -- -- -- -- -- 2/14 Vocal cord involvement -- -- -- -- -- -- 1/13 1/13 Total patients w/cranial nerve involvement 5/28 9/14 5/14 1 4/6 -- -- 10/13 33/73 Respiratory insufficiency or hypoventilation 7/28 2 -- 2/18 -- 1/9 -- -- 10/55 Sensory ataxia 1/28 2/14 -- -- -- -- -- >3/42 3 Diabetes mellitus -- -- 1/18 -- -- -- -- 1/18 Romberg sign -- 2/14 -- -- -- -- -- 2/14 1. 14 of 18 patients were examined for cranial nerve involvement. 2. ... Genotype-Phenotype Correlations Significant intrafamilial variability in the disease course makes it difficult to identify genotype-phenotype correlations [Kessali et al 1997, Gabreëls-Festen et al 1999, Senderek et al 2003, Azzedine et al 2005a, Azzedine et al 2005b, Azzedine et al 2006]. In 28 individuals with CMT4C, Azzedine et al [2006] found no correlation between the nature and the position of the pathogenic variant, disease duration, and the stage of disability.
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease type 4C is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SH3TC2 gene (608206). Mild mononeuropathy of the median nerve (MNMN; 613353) is a less severe allelic disorder caused by heterozygous mutation in the SH3TC2 gene. For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, see CMT4A (214400). Clinical Features Kessali et al. (1997) reported 2 large consanguineous Algerian families with autosomal recessive demyelinating CMT. Mean age at onset was 5.2 years (range 2 to 10 years). All patients had foot deformities and scoliosis, often requiring surgery.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4C (CMT4C) is a subtype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4 characterized by childhood or adolescent-onset of a relatively mild, demyelinating sensorimotor neuropathy that contrasts with a severe, rapidly progressing, early-onset scoliosis, and the typical CMT phenotype (i.e. distal muscle weakness and atrophy, sensory loss, and often foot deformity). A wide spectrum of nerve conduction velocities are observed and cranial nerve involvement and kyphoscoliosis have also been reported.
Examples of treatment options for breast atrophy, depending on the situation/when appropriate, can include estrogens, antiandrogens , and proper nutrition or weight gain . [ citation needed ] See also [ edit ] Mammoplasia Micromastia References [ edit ] ^ a b c Prem Puri; Michael E. Höllwarth (28 May 2009). Pediatric Surgery: Diagnosis and Management . ... Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-521-88159-3 . ^ Ricardo Azziz (3 July 2007). ... Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 20–. ISBN 978-0-387-69248-7 . ^ Susan Scott Ricci; Terri Kyle (2009). ... Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 213 –. ISBN 978-0-7817-8055-1 . ^ J.P. Lavery; J.S. ... Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 558–. ISBN 978-0-7817-3894-1 . ^ Cynthia Feucht; Donald E.
Academia Española de Dermatología y Veneralogía. Archived from the original on 28 April 2015 . Retrieved 28 June 2014 . ^ Baran, Robert; de Berker, David A. ... Wiley. ISBN 978-0470657355 . Retrieved 28 June 2014 . ^ http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pinch-fo ^ Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine . (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0 . This condition of the skin appendages article is a stub .
Hajdu–Cheney syndrome Other names Acrodentoosteodysplasia, Arthrodentoosteodysplasia Hajdu-Cheney Specialty Rheumatology , medical genetics Hajdu–Cheney syndrome , also called acroosteolysis with osteoporosis and changes in skull and mandible , arthrodentoosteodysplasia and Cheney syndrome , [1] is an extremely rare autosomal dominant congenital disorder [2] [3] of the connective tissue characterized by severe and excessive bone resorption leading to osteoporosis and a wide range of other possible symptoms. Mutations in the NOTCH2 gene, identified in 2011, cause HCS. HCS is so rare that only about 50 cases have been reported worldwide since the discovery of the syndrome in 1948 [4] Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Genetics 3 Pathogenesis 4 Diagnosis 4.1 Types 5 Treatment 6 Eponym 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Hajdu–Cheney syndrome causes many issues with an individual’s connective tissues. Some general characteristics of an individual with Hajdu–Cheney syndrome include bone flexibility and deformities, short stature, delayed acquisition of speech and motor skills, dolichocephalic skull, Wormian bone , small maxilla, hypoplastic frontal sinuses, basilar impression, joint laxity, bulbous finger tips and severe osteoporosis. Wormian bone occurs when extra bones appear between cranial sutures. Fetuses with Hajdu–Cheney syndrome often will not be seen to unclench their hands on obstetrical ultrasound. They may also have low-set ears and their eyes may be farther apart than on a usual child, called hypertelorism .
See also [ edit ] List of cutaneous conditions References [ edit ] ^ "Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program" . rarediseases.info.nih.gov . Retrieved 28 April 2019 . ^ a b Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine . (6th ed.). Page 1033. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0 . External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : C64 OMIM : 150800 External resources Orphanet : 523 This Dermal and subcutaneous growths article is a stub .
Console and Classify: The French Psychiatric Profession in the Nineteenth Century . University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-30161-3 . ^ a b Eigen, Joel Peter (January 1991). ... Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43736-9 . ^ Valverde, Mariana (1998-10-28). ... American Psychiatric Society. 2000. p. xxv. ISBN 0-89042-025-4 . ^ Berrios's note states: "Monomania was a diagnosis invented by Esquirol which achieved certain popularity, particularly in forensic psychiatry. ... Cambridge University Press. pp. 426, 447, 453 n. 50. ISBN 0-521-43736-9 . External links [ edit ] Van Zuylen, Marina (2005). ... Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-4298-8 . Find out more on Wikipedia's Sister projects Media from Commons Definitions from Wiktionary Data from Wikidata
Oxford University Press . ISBN 978-0-19-852783-1 . ^ Glenn, Harrold. "The Ultimate Self-Hypnosis Cure for the Phobia of Hospitals (Nosocomephobia)" . ... Archived from the original on 1 October 2015 . Retrieved 28 November 2009 . ^ "Doctor Tells Nixon's Fear of Hospital" . ... Toledo Blade. September 15, 1974 . Retrieved 28 November 2009 . [ dead link ] ^ νοσοκομεῖον , Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon , on Perseus ^ φόβος , Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon , on Perseus ^ Thomas, Charles (2001). ... University of Michigan : Charles C. Thomas. ISBN 0-398-07132-2 . This abnormal psychology –related article is a stub .
John Wiley and Sons. p. 719 . ISBN 978-0-470-57712-7 . ^ Becker, Judith V.; Stinson, Jill D. (2008). ... John Wiley & Sons . pp. 522 . ISBN 978-0-470-25721-0 . ^ Money 1986 , p. 290 . ^ Money 1986 , p. 34 . ^ Money, J. (1984). ... Prometheus Books . p. 147. ISBN 978-0-87975-277-4 . ^ Wilson, Glen Daniel (1987). ... Taylor and Francis. pp. 107–11 . ISBN 978-0-7099-3698-5 . ^ Kaufman, F (1997). ... Washington Square Press. ISBN 978-0-87140-840-2 . Further reading [ edit ] Love, B (1992).
Glycogen storage disease type 0 (also known as GSD 0) is a condition caused by the body's inability to form a complex sugar called glycogen, which is a major source of stored energy in the body. GSD 0 has two types: in muscle GSD 0, glycogen formation in the muscles is impaired, and in liver GSD 0, glycogen formation in the liver is impaired. The signs and symptoms of muscle GSD 0 typically begin in early childhood. ... Because some people with muscle GSD 0 die from sudden cardiac arrest early in life before a diagnosis is made and many with liver GSD 0 have mild signs and symptoms, it is thought that GSD 0 may be underdiagnosed. Causes Mutations in the GYS1 gene cause muscle GSD 0, and mutations in the GYS2 gene cause liver GSD 0.
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that liver glycogen storage disease-0 (GSD0A) is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the GYS2 gene (138571), which encodes glycogen synthase-2, on chromosome 12p12. ... Mapping Orho et al. (1998) established linkage of glycogen storage disease 0 to intragenic and flanking polymorphic markers of the GYS2 gene on chromosome 12p12.2. Molecular Genetics In affected members of 5 families with liver glycogen storage disease 0, Orho et al. (1998) identified homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the GYS2 gene (138571.0001-138571.0008) Inheritance - Autosomal recessive Neuro - Seizures Lab - Glycogen synthetase deficiency Metabolic - Neonatal hypoglycemia - Fasting hypoglycemia - Fasting hyperketonemia - Hyperglycemia and hyperlactatemia with feeding ▲ Close
A genetically inherited anomaly of glycogen metabolism and a form of glycogen storage disease (GSD) characterized by fasting hypoglycemia. This is not a glycogenosis, strictly speaking, as the enzyme deficiency decreases glycogen reserves. Epidemiology It is an extremely rare disease; about 20 cases have been reported in the literature so far. Clinical description It commonly appears in infancy or in early childhood. Patients present with morning fatigue and fasting hypoglycemia (without hepatomegaly) associated with hyperketonemia but without hyperalaninemia or hyperlactacidemia.
Glycogen storage disease type 0, liver (liver GSD 0), a form of glycogen storage disease (GSD), is a rare abnormality of glycogen metabolism (how the body uses and stores glycogen, the storage form of glucose). Unlike other types of GSD, liver GSD 0 does not involve excessive or abnormal glycogen storage, and causes moderately decreased glycogen stores in the liver. ... This condition differs from another form of GSD 0 which chiefly affects the muscles and heart ( Glycogen storage disease type 0, muscle ) and is thought to be caused by mutations in the GYS1 gene.
Needham Heights, MA, USA: Allyn & Bacon. ISBN 0-205-14164-1 . Das, J.P. (2002). A better look at intelligence. Current Directions in Psychology, 11, 28–32. Goldstein, Gerald; Beers, Susan, eds (2004). ... Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 445–476. ISBN 978-0-521-59648-0 . Lay summary (22 July 2013). ... Essentials of Psychological Testing . John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-41978-5 . Lay summary (10 October 2013). ... Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 20–38. ISBN 978-0-521-73911-5 . Lay summary (9 February 2012).
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. pp. 848–52. ISBN 978-0-13-500524-8 . ^ Petrosyan, Mikael; Guner, Yigit S. ... Louis: Mosby. pp. 262–80. ISBN 978-0-323-05472-0 . ^ Baker SP, O'Neill B, Haddon W Jr, Long WB (1974). ... "The Injury Severity Score revisited". The Journal of Trauma . 28 (1): 69–77. doi : 10.1097/00005373-198801000-00010 . ... Washington, D.C: National Academy Press. ISBN 978-0-309-04888-0 . ^ Densmore JC, Lim HJ, Oldham KT, Guice KS (January 2006). ... Pediatric Trauma: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment . Informa Healthcare. ISBN 978-0-8247-4117-4 . Strange, Gary R. (2002).
While diarrhea is common in people with SARS, the fecal–oral route does not appear to be a common mode of transmission. [9] The basic reproduction number of SARS-CoV, R 0 , ranges from 2 to 4 depending on different analyses. ... Tested substances, include ribavirin , lopinavir , ritonavir , type I interferon , that have thus far shown no conclusive contribution to the disease's course. [21] Administration of corticosteroids , is recommended by the British Thoracic Society / British Infection Society / Health Protection Agency in patients with severe disease and O2 saturation of <90%. [22] People with SARS-CoV must be isolated, preferably in negative-pressure rooms , with complete barrier nursing precautions taken for any necessary contact with these patients, to limit the chances of medical personnel becoming infected. [10] In certain cases, natural ventilation by opening doors and windows is documented to help decreasing indoor concentration of virus particles. [23] Some of the more serious damage caused by SARS may be due to the body's own immune system reacting in what is known as cytokine storm . [24] Vaccine [ edit ] See also: Economics of vaccines and COVID-19 vaccine As of 2020, there is no cure or protective vaccine for SARS that has been shown to be both safe and effective in humans. [25] [26] According to research papers published in 2005 and 2006, the identification and development of novel vaccines and medicines to treat SARS was a priority for governments and public health agencies around the world. [27] [28] [29] In early 2004, an early clinical trial on volunteers was planned. [30] A major researcher's 2016 request, however, demonstrated that no field-ready SARS vaccine had been completed because likely market-driven priorities had ended funding. [14] Prognosis [ edit ] Several consequent reports from China on some recovered SARS patients showed severe long-time sequelae . ... As a result of quarantine procedures, some of the post-SARS patients have been documented as suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder . [31] [32] Epidemiology [ edit ] Main article: 2002–2004 SARS outbreak SARS was a relatively rare disease; at the end of the epidemic in June 2003, the incidence was 8,422 cases with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 11%. [4] The case fatality rate (CFR) ranges from 0% to 50% depending on the age group of the patient. [9] Patients under 24 were least likely to die (less than 1%); those 65 and older were most likely to die (over 55%). [33] As with MERS and COVID-19 , SARS resulted in significantly more deaths of males than females. 2003 Probable cases of SARS – worldwide Probable cases of SARS by country or region, 1 November 2002 – 31 July 2003 [34] Country or region Cases Deaths Fatality (%) China [a] 5,327 349 6.6 Hong Kong 1,755 299 17.0 Taiwan [b] 346 73 [35] [36] 21.1 Canada 251 43 17.1 Singapore 238 33 13.9 Vietnam 63 5 7.9 United States 27 00 Philippines 14 2 14.3 Thailand 9 2 22.2 Germany 9 00 Mongolia 9 00 France 7 1 14.3 Australia 6 00 Malaysia 5 2 40.0 Sweden 5 00 United Kingdom 4 00 Italy 4 00 Brazil 3 00 India 3 00 South Korea 3 00 Indonesia 2 00 South Africa 1 1 100.0 Colombia 1 00 Kuwait 1 00 Ireland 1 00 Macao 1 00 New Zealand 1 00 Romania 1 00 Russia 1 00 Spain 1 00 Switzerland 1 00 Total excluding China [a] 2,769 454 16.4 Total (29 territories) 8,096 774 9.6 ^ a b Figures for China exclude Hong Kong and Macau, which are reported separately by the WHO . ^ After 11 July 2003, 325 Taiwanese cases were 'discarded'. ... CNN. 10 April 2003. Archived from the original on 28 November 2007 . Retrieved 3 April 2007 . ^ Fong K (16 August 2013).
Overview Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a contagious and sometimes fatal respiratory illness. severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) first appeared in China in November 2002. Within a few months, SARS spread worldwide, carried by unsuspecting travelers. SARS showed how quickly infection can spread in a highly mobile and interconnected world. On the other hand, a collaborative international effort allowed health experts to quickly contain the spread of the disease. There has been no known transmission of SARS anywhere in the world since 2004.
A rare pulmonary disease induced by SARS-CoV coronavirus infection, with a reported incubation period varying from 2 to 7 days. Patients present flu-like symptoms, including fever, malaise, myalgia, headache, diarrhoea, and rigors. Dry, nonproductive, cough and dyspnea are frequently reported. Severe cases evolve rapidly, progressing to respiratory distress and failure, requiring intensive care. Mortality rate is 10%. The disease appeared in 2002 in southern China, subsequently spreading in 2003 to 26 countries. Reported human-to-human transmission occurred in Toronto (Canada), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, Chinese Taipei, Singapore, and Hanoi (Viet Nam).
ISBN 978-3-662-04491-9 . ^ Wayne J.G. Hellstrom (28 November 2012). Androgen Deficiency and Testosterone Replacement: Current Controversies and Strategies . Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 34–. ISBN 978-1-62703-179-0 . ^ Carrie Bagatell; William J. Bremner (27 May 2003). ... Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 314–. ISBN 978-1-59259-388-0 . ^ Susan Blackburn (14 April 2014). ... Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 39–. ISBN 978-0-323-29296-2 . ^ John J. Mulcahy (1 January 2001).
Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31520-6 , p. 402. ^ Miller, Laura. (2006). ... University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24509-9 ^ Latteier 1998 ^ Buss, David (2019). ... El Rio, TX: Hauck Pub Co. ISBN 978-0-9621797-2-3 . ^ McDonough, Jimmy (2005). ... University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24509-9 ^ Latteier 1998 Further reading [ edit ] Block, Susan (2004). ... The Breast Fetish (pg. 29). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-22129-0 . Glazier, Stephen D. ; Flowerday, Charles (2003).
Glycogen storage disease type 0 Glycogen storage disease type 0 has defect in glycogen synthase Specialty Medical genetics Glycogen storage disease type 0 is a disease characterized by a deficiency in the glycogen synthase enzyme (GSY). ... Serum electrolytes calculate the anion gap to determine presence of metabolic acidosis ; typically, patients with glycogen-storage disease type 0 (GSD-0) have an anion gap in the reference range and no acidosis. ... In patients with glycogen-storage disease type 0, hyperlipidemia is absent or mild and proportional to the degree of fasting. ... In patients with glycogen-storage disease type 0, urine ketones findings are positive, and urine-reducing substance findings are negative. ... The identification of asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic siblings in several glycogen-storage disease type 0 families has suggested that glycogen-storage disease type 0 is underdiagnosed. [2] Mortality/Morbidity [ edit ] The major morbidity is a risk of fasting hypoglycemia, which can vary in severity and frequency.
