External links [ edit ] In Egypt, Battling the Stigma of HIV Catholic Relief Services Video and Photography Material related to HIV/AIDS in Egypt: Sotna Pilot Children's Show on HIV/AIDS produced by UNICEF Egypt v t e HIV/AIDS in Africa Sovereign states Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde (Cabo Verde) Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini (Swaziland) Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe States with limited recognition Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland Dependencies and other territories Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain) Madeira (Portugal) Mayotte / Réunion (France) Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom) v t e HIV/AIDS in Asia Sovereign states Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus East Timor (Timor-Leste) Egypt Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen States with limited recognition Abkhazia Artsakh Northern Cyprus Palestine South Ossetia Taiwan Dependencies and other territories British Indian Ocean Territory Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Hong Kong Macau Book Category Asia portal v t e HIV / AIDS topics HIV/AIDS HIV HIV Lentivirus structure and genome subtypes CDC classification disease progression rates HIV/AIDS diagnosis management pathophysiology prevention research vaccination PrEP WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease Children Teens / Adults Countries by AIDS prevalence rate Conditions Signs and symptoms AIDS-defining clinical condition Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome Lipodystrophy Nephropathy Neurocognitive disorders Pruritus Superinfection Tuberculosis co-infection HIV Drug Resistance Database Innate resistance to HIV Serostatus HIV-positive people Nutrition Pregnancy History History Epidemiology Multiple sex partners Timeline AIDS Museum Timothy Ray Brown Women and HIV/AIDS Social AIDS orphan Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS Circumcision and HIV Criminal transmission Discrimination against people Economic impact Cost of treatment HIV-affected community HIV/AIDS activism HIV/AIDS denialism Red ribbon Safe sex Sex education List of HIV-positive people People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement HIV/AIDS in the porn industry Culture Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories International AIDS Conference International AIDS Society Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) The SING Campaign Solidays Treatment Action Campaign World AIDS Day YAA/Youthforce "Free Me" Larry Kramer Gay Men's Health Crisis ACT UP Silence=Death Project HIV/AIDS pandemic by region / country Africa Angola Benin Botswana Democratic Republic of the Congo Egypt Eswatini Ethiopia Ghana Guinea Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mali Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Tanzania South Africa Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe North America Canada Mexico El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua United States New York City Caribbean Haiti Jamaica Dominican Republic South America Bolivia Brazil Colombia Guyana Peru Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia China (PRC) ( Yunnan ) East Timor India Indonesia Iran Iraq Japan Jordan North Korea Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Burma) Nepal Pakistan Philippines Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Taiwan (ROC) Thailand United Arab Emirates Turkey Vietnam Europe United Kingdom Russia Ukraine Oceania Australia New Zealand Papua New Guinea List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region
See also 614327 for a tumor predisposition syndrome that may include the development of uveal melanoma and is caused by germline mutation in the BAP1 gene (603089) on chromosome 3p21.
Uveal melanoma (155720) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy. Monosomy 3, which is an unusual finding in most tumors, is present in approximately 50% of uveal melanomas and is significantly correlated with metastatic disease. To obtain positional information on putative tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 3, Tschentscher et al. (2001) investigated tumors from 333 patients by comparative genomic hybridization, microsatellite analysis, or conventional karyotype analysis. A partial deletion of the long arm was found in 8 tumors, and the smallest region of deletion overlap (SRO) spanned 3q24-q26. They found 6 tumors with a partial deletion of the short arm and defined a second SRO of about 2.5 Mb in 3p25.
Uveal melanoma (155720) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy. Monosomy 3, which is an unusual finding in most tumors, is present in approximately 50% of uveal melanomas and is significantly correlated with metastatic disease. To obtain positional information on putative tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 3, Tschentscher et al. (2001) investigated tumors from 333 patients by comparative genomic hybridization, microsatellite analysis, or conventional karyotype analysis. A partial deletion of the long arm was found in 8 tumors, and the smallest region of deletion overlap (SRO) spanned 3q24-q26. They found 6 tumors with a partial deletion of the short arm and defined a second SRO of about 2.5 Mb in 3p25.
Kumpfel et al. (2008) identified 20 patients with MS who carried a heterozygous variant (R92Q) in the TNFRSF1A gene (191190) and had clinical features consistent with late-onset of the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS; 142680), including myalgias, arthralgias, headache, fatigue, and skin rashes. ... Disanto et al. (2011) found that 64 (24%) of 266 children with an initial attack of demyelination (acquired demyelinating syndrome, ADS) met criteria for a diagnosis of MS during a mean follow-up of 3.2 years.
Multiple sclerosis is a condition characterized by areas of damage (lesions) on the brain and spinal cord . These lesions are associated with destruction of the covering that protects nerves and promotes the efficient transmission of nerve impulses (the myelin sheath ) and damage to nerve cells. Multiple sclerosis is considered an autoimmune disorder; autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system malfunctions and attacks the body's own tissues and organs, in this case tissues of the nervous system. Multiple sclerosis usually begins in early adulthood, between ages 20 and 40. The symptoms vary widely, and affected individuals can experience one or more effects of nervous system damage.
Catarsi et al. (2005) studied 227 Italian nephrotic syndrome patients in whom hypertension was the major side effect of treatment by cyclosporine A (CsA).
However, parkinsonism without Lewy bodies characterizes progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; 601104), frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism (600274), autosomal dominant (128230) and recessive (605407) forms of Segawa syndrome, X-linked recessive Filipino type of dystonia (314250), multiple systems atrophy, and cerebrovascular disease.
., beta-thalassemia, sickle cell disease, hereditary sideroblastic anemia, pyruvate kinase deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis, myelodysplastic syndrome with refractory anemia). Iron absorption is increased in some subtypes of heritable anemia, especially severe beta-thalassemia and hereditary sideroblastic anemia.
Symptomatic form of hemochromatosis type 1 is a rare, hereditary hemochromatosis characterized by inappropriately regulated intestinal iron absorption which leads to excessive iron storage in various organs and manifests with a wide range of signs and symptoms, including abdominal pain, weakness, lethargy, weight loss, elevated serum aminotransferase levels, increase in skin pigmentation, and/or arthropathy in the metacarpophalangeal joints. Other commonly associated manifestations include hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, restrictive cardiomyopathy and/or diabetes mellitus.
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because hemochromatosis type 1 (HFE1) is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the HFE gene (613609) on chromosome 6p22. Description Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism wherein the body accumulates excess iron (summary by Feder et al., 1996). Excess iron is deposited in a variety of organs leading to their failure, and resulting in serious illnesses including cirrhosis, hepatomas, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, arthritis, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Severe effects of the disease usually do not appear until after decades of progressive iron loading. Removal of excess iron by therapeutic phlebotomy decreases morbidity and mortality if instituted early in the course of the disease.
Hereditary hemochromatosis is a disorder that causes the body to absorb too much iron from the diet. The excess iron is stored in the body's tissues and organs, particularly the skin, heart, liver , pancreas , and joints. Because humans cannot increase the excretion of iron, excess iron can overload and eventually damage tissues and organs. For this reason, hereditary hemochromatosis is also called an iron overload disorder. Early symptoms of hereditary hemochromatosis may include extreme tiredness (fatigue), joint pain, abdominal pain, weight loss, and loss of sex drive.
"Adult-Onset Leukoencephalopathy with Axonal Spheroids and Pigmented Glia Can Present as Frontotemporal Dementia Syndrome" . Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders . 32 (2): 150–158. doi : 10.1159/000331422 .
This has seen to occur in the music industry and has the implication of copyright infringement over songs, as well as in the formation of scientific research ideas. [41] See also [ edit ] Context-dependent memory Memory distrust syndrome Sleeper effect References [ edit ] ^ a b Schacter, D.L., Harbluk, J.L., and McLachlen, D.R. (1984).
Taussig wrote that a cause of increasing mortality during the years of illegality in the U.S. was that With each decade of the past fifty years the actual and proportionate frequency of this accident [perforation of the uterus] has increased, due, first, to the increase in the number of instrumentally induced abortions; second, to the proportionate increase in abortions handled by doctors as against those handled by midwives; and, third, to the prevailing tendency to use instruments instead of the finger in emptying the uterus. [114] : 223 Mental health Main article: Abortion and mental health Current evidence finds no relationship between most induced abortions and mental health problems [14] [115] other than those expected for any unwanted pregnancy. [116] A report by the American Psychological Association concluded that a woman's first abortion is not a threat to mental health when carried out in the first trimester, with such women no more likely to have mental-health problems than those carrying an unwanted pregnancy to term; the mental-health outcome of a woman's second or greater abortion is less certain. [116] [117] Some older reviews concluded that abortion was associated with an increased risk of psychological problems; [118] however, they did not use an appropriate control group. [115] Although some studies show negative mental-health outcomes in women who choose abortions after the first trimester because of fetal abnormalities, [119] more rigorous research would be needed to show this conclusively. [120] Some proposed negative psychological effects of abortion have been referred to by anti-abortion advocates as a separate condition called " post-abortion syndrome ", but this is not recognized by medical or psychological professionals in the United States. [121] A long term-study among US women found that about 99% of women felt that they made the right decision five years after they had an abortion.
Non-immune diseases with causal origins in inflammatory processes include cancer, atherosclerosis , and ischemic heart disease . [10] Examples of disorders associated with inflammation include: Acne vulgaris Asthma Autoimmune diseases Autoinflammatory diseases Celiac disease Chronic prostatitis Colitis Diverticulitis Familial Mediterranean Fever Glomerulonephritis Hidradenitis suppurativa Hypersensitivities Inflammatory bowel diseases Interstitial cystitis Lichen planus Mast Cell Activation Syndrome Mastocytosis Otitis Pelvic inflammatory disease pneumonia Reperfusion injury Rheumatic fever Rheumatoid arthritis Rhinitis Sarcoidosis Transplant rejection Vasculitis Atherosclerosis [ edit ] Main article: Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis, formerly considered a bland lipid storage disease, actually involves an ongoing inflammatory response. ... Elevation in markers of inflammation predicts outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes, independently of myocardial damage. ... They may occur in conjunction with other immune disorders, such as systemic sclerosis , and include dermatomyositis , polymyositis , and inclusion body myositis . [10] Leukocyte defects [ edit ] Due to the central role of leukocytes in the development and propagation of inflammation, defects in leukocyte functionality often result in a decreased capacity for inflammatory defense with subsequent vulnerability to infection. [10] Dysfunctional leukocytes may be unable to correctly bind to blood vessels due to surface receptor mutations, digest bacteria ( Chédiak–Higashi syndrome ), or produce microbicides ( chronic granulomatous disease ). ... When inflammation overwhelms the host, systemic inflammatory response syndrome is diagnosed. When it is due to infection , the term sepsis is applied, with the terms bacteremia being applied specifically for bacterial sepsis and viremia specifically to viral sepsis.
This headache often pulsates towards the occiput (the back of the head). [7] About one-third of people have no symptoms apart from the characteristic headache, and about one in ten people who seek medical care with this symptom are later diagnosed with a subarachnoid hemorrhage. [4] Vomiting may be present, and 1 in 14 have seizures . [4] Confusion , decreased level of consciousness or coma may be present, as may neck stiffness and other signs of meningism . [4] Neck stiffness usually presents six hours after initial onset of SAH. [8] Isolated dilation of a pupil and loss of the pupillary light reflex may reflect brain herniation as a result of rising intracranial pressure (pressure inside the skull). [4] Intraocular hemorrhage (bleeding into the eyeball) may occur in response to the raised pressure: subhyaloid hemorrhage (bleeding under the hyaloid membrane , which envelops the vitreous body of the eye) and vitreous hemorrhage may be visible on fundoscopy . This is known as Terson syndrome (occurring in 3–13 percent of cases) and is more common in more severe SAH. [9] Oculomotor nerve abnormalities (affected eye looking downward and outward and inability to lift the eyelid on the same side ) or palsy (loss of movement) may indicate bleeding from the posterior communicating artery . [4] [7] Seizures are more common if the hemorrhage is from an aneurysm; it is otherwise difficult to predict the site and origin of the hemorrhage from the symptoms. [4] SAH in a person known to have seizures is often diagnostic of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation . [7] The combination of intracerebral hemorrhage and raised intracranial pressure (if present) leads to a "sympathetic surge", i.e. over-activation of the sympathetic system. ... "A systematic review of Terson's syndrome: frequency and prognosis after subarachnoid haemorrhage" .
Overview A subarachnoid hemorrhage is bleeding in the space between the brain and the surrounding membrane (subarachnoid space). The primary symptom is a sudden, severe headache. Some people describe it as the worst headache they have ever felt. Along with having a headache, some people may experience: Nausea Vomiting Stiff neck Problems with vision Brief loss of consciousness Bleeding usually happens when an irregular bulge in a blood vessel (aneurysm) bursts in the brain. Sometimes, bleeding is caused by trauma, a tangle of blood vessels in the brain (arteriovenous malformation), or other blood vessel or health problems. Untreated, a subarachnoid hemorrhage can lead to permanent brain damage or death.
Prominent campaign groups which are supportive of a conservative policy include: Both Lives Matter Cherish all the Children Equally Christian Action, Research & Education (CARE) Don't Screen Us Out (in relation to children with Down's Syndrome) Evangelical Alliance Precious Life Society for the Protection of Unborn Children (SPUC) Prominent campaign groups which are supportive of a liberal policy include: Alliance for Choice Amnesty International Belfast Feminist Network British Pregnancy Advisory Service (BPAS) Brook Clinic Family Planning Association (FPA) Marie Stopes Humanists UK This section needs to be updated .
. ^ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-51897856 v t e HIV/AIDS in Europe Sovereign states Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom States with limited recognition Abkhazia Artsakh Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria Dependencies and other entities Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard v t e HIV / AIDS topics HIV/AIDS HIV HIV Lentivirus structure and genome subtypes CDC classification disease progression rates HIV/AIDS diagnosis management pathophysiology prevention research vaccination PrEP WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease Children Teens / Adults Countries by AIDS prevalence rate Conditions Signs and symptoms AIDS-defining clinical condition Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome Lipodystrophy Nephropathy Neurocognitive disorders Pruritus Superinfection Tuberculosis co-infection HIV Drug Resistance Database Innate resistance to HIV Serostatus HIV-positive people Nutrition Pregnancy History History Epidemiology Multiple sex partners Timeline AIDS Museum Timothy Ray Brown Women and HIV/AIDS Social AIDS orphan Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS Circumcision and HIV Criminal transmission Discrimination against people Economic impact Cost of treatment HIV-affected community HIV/AIDS activism HIV/AIDS denialism Red ribbon Safe sex Sex education List of HIV-positive people People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement HIV/AIDS in the porn industry Culture Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories International AIDS Conference International AIDS Society Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) The SING Campaign Solidays Treatment Action Campaign World AIDS Day YAA/Youthforce "Free Me" Larry Kramer Gay Men's Health Crisis ACT UP Silence=Death Project HIV/AIDS pandemic by region / country Africa Angola Benin Botswana Democratic Republic of the Congo Egypt Eswatini Ethiopia Ghana Guinea Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mali Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Tanzania South Africa Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe North America Canada Mexico El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua United States New York City Caribbean Haiti Jamaica Dominican Republic South America Bolivia Brazil Colombia Guyana Peru Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia China (PRC) ( Yunnan ) East Timor India Indonesia Iran Iraq Japan Jordan North Korea Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Burma) Nepal Pakistan Philippines Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Taiwan (ROC) Thailand United Arab Emirates Turkey Vietnam Europe United Kingdom Russia Ukraine Oceania Australia New Zealand Papua New Guinea List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region
Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Physical symptoms [ edit ] Physical symptoms include a weakened immune system due to lack of sleep, loss of exercise, and increased the risk for carpel tunnel syndrome and eye and back strain. [11] Symptoms of withdrawal might include agitation, depression, anger and anxiety when the person is away from technology.
Overview With leukoplakia (loo-koh-PLAY-key-uh), thickened, white patches form on your gums, the insides of your cheeks, the bottom of your mouth and, sometimes, your tongue. These patches can't be scraped off. Doctors don't know what causes leukoplakia but consider chronic irritation from tobacco — whether smoked, dipped or chewed — to be the main culprit in its development. Most leukoplakia patches are noncancerous (benign), though some show early signs of cancer. Cancers on the bottom of the mouth can occur next to areas of leukoplakia. And white areas mixed in with red areas (speckled leukoplakia) may indicate the potential for cancer.
Leukoplakia is a condition in which thickened, white patches form on the tongue, gums, inside of the cheek, or sometimes on the outer female genitals. Although the sores can vary in appearance, they are usually white or gray; thick; and slightly raised with a hard surface. The condition is thought to be caused by irritation, but the cause is not always known. Tobacco is considered to be the main cause of its development in the mouth. Most patches are benign, but a small percentage show early signs of cancer.
Children: Gastroenteritis , mesenteric adenitis , Meckel's diverticulitis , intussusception , Henoch–Schönlein purpura , lobar pneumonia , urinary tract infection (abdominal pain in the absence of other symptoms can occur in children with UTI), new-onset Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis , pancreatitis , and abdominal trauma from child abuse ; distal intestinal obstruction syndrome in children with cystic fibrosis; typhlitis in children with leukemia.
Personality disorder Haltlose personality disorder Other names - Willenlosen Psychopath [1] [2] [3] - Unstable psychopath [4] - Unstable drifter [5] [6] [7] - Disinhibited Personality [8] Specialty Psychiatry Usual onset Early adulthood [9] Duration Long term Causes - Maternal indolence (proposed) [10] - Childhood institutionalization (proposed) [10] - Parental rejection (proposed) [11] - Hereditary predisposition through the mother (proposed) [12] [13] Risk factors Parental neglect [10] Maternal alcoholism [14] Diagnostic method Based on reported symptoms Symptoms can be tested using TCI and ZKPQ [15] Differential diagnosis - ADHD [16] - Asthenic PD [17] - Delayed maturity [18] - Simplex or Disorganized schizophrenia [18] [19] - Epilepsy (When Haltlose is combined with alcoholism ) [20] [21] - Dependant PD [22] Prognosis - "Particularly unfavorable" regarding relapse [23] and long-term decline [24] - Can be controlled by external influence [25] [26] [18] - Although ideation and threats are common, typically lack the courage to commit suicide . [27] - Normal intelligence [28] Frequency Equal representation between males and females [13] Haltlose personality disorder is an ICD-10 personality disorder [29] in which affected individuals possess psychopathic traits built upon short-sighted selfishness [21] and irresponsible hedonism , combined with an inability to anchor one's identity to a future or past. [30] [31] The symptoms of Haltlose share similarities with frontal lobe syndrome , sociopathic and histrionic personality traits, [30] [32] and are characterized by a lack of inhibition [33] and "the immaturity of moral and volitional qualities...and the absence of positive ethical attitudes." [34] [ unreliable source?
Gay and bisexual men also experience a higher prevalence of full-syndrome bulimia and all subclinical eating disorders than their heterosexual counterparts. [58] Research has found lesbian women to have higher rates of weight-based self-worth and proneness to contracting eating disorders compared to gay men. [59] Lesbian women also experience comparable rates of eating disorders compared to heterosexual women, with similar rates of dieting , binge eating and purging behaviours. [59] However, lesbian women are more likely to report positive body image compared to heterosexual females (42.1% vs 20.5%). [59] Transgender individuals are significantly more likely than any other LGBTQ+ demographic to report an eating disorder diagnosis or compensatory behaviour related to eating. [60] Transgender individuals may use weight restriction to suppress secondary sex characteristics or to suppress or stress gendered features. [60] There is limited research regarding racial differences within LGBTQ+ populations as it relates to disordered eating. [61] Conflicting studies have struggled to ascertain whether LGBTQ+ people of colour experience similar or varying rates of eating disorder proneness or diagnosis. [61] Causes of gender disparities in mental disorders [ edit ] Violence against women [ edit ] There are different type of levels of violence that can occur against women. ... "Are eating disorders culture-bound syndromes? Implications for conceptualizing their etiology".
