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Tachyphylaxis
Wikipedia
More complete is an open system, namely, in its simplest form, R → A → p ( S ) B → q , {\displaystyle R{\xrightarrow {}}A{\xrightarrow {\ \ p(S)\ \ }}B{\xrightarrow {\ \ q\ \ }},} where R stands for the rate of production of A , p(S) is the activation rate coefficient explicitly expressing its dependence on the stimulus intensity S and q represents the rate coefficient of removal from the state B . ... ISBN 0-931890-20-9 . ^ Martinez FD, Graves PE, Baldini M, Solomon S, Erickson R (December 1997). "Association between genetic polymorphisms of the beta2-adrenoceptor and response to albuterol in children with and without a history of wheezing" . ... Archived from the original on 2008-08-07. ^ Vaidyanathan S, Williamson P, Clearie K, Khan F, Lipworth B (July 2010).
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Flaccid Paralysis
Wikipedia
Flaccid paralysis Pronunciation / ˈ f l æ k s ɪ d p ə ˈ r æ l ə s ɪ s / Specialty Neurology Flaccid paralysis is a neurological condition characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma ). [1] This abnormal condition may be caused by disease or by trauma affecting the nerves associated with the involved muscles. ... This includes collection of two stool samples within fourteen days of onset of paralysis and identification of virus, and control of the outbreak and strengthening immunization in that area. [ citation needed ] Historical records from the 1950s, modern CDC reports, and recent analysis of patterns in India suggest that flaccid paralysis may be caused in some cases by oral polio vaccinations. [8] [9] [10] Venomous snakes that contain neurotoxic venom such as kraits , mambas , and cobras can also cause complete flaccid paralysis. [11] Some chemical warfare nerve agents such as VX can also cause complete flaccid paralysis. [12] References [ edit ] ^ Alberta Government Health and Wellness (2005) Acute Flaccid Paralysis Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines. ^ a b c Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. ... Saeed M, Zaidi SZ, Naeem A, Masroor M, Sharif S, Shaukat S, Angez M, Khan A (2007).
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Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy
Wikipedia
PMID 11195528 . ^ Abeles, V, Harrus, S, Angles, JM, Shalev, G, Aizenberg, I, Peres, Y and Aroch, I. (1999). ... CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) ^ Baumgartner, W., Boyce, RW, Aldinger, S, Axtheim, MK, Weisbrode, SE, Krakowka, S and Gaedke, K. (1995). ... CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) ^ Baumgärtner W, Boyce RW, Weisbrode SE, Aldinger S, Axthelm MK, Krakowka S (1995). "Histologic and immunocytochemical characterization of canine distemper-associated metaphyseal bone lesions in young dogs following experimental infection" . ... ISBN 0-7216-6795-3 . ^ Abeles V, Harrus S, Angles JM, et al. (1999). "Hypertrophic osteodystrophy in six weimaraner puppies associated with systemic signs".
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Neuropathy, Congenital Hypomyelinating, 1, Autosomal Recessive
OMIM
Description Congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy (CHN) is characterized clinically by onset of hypotonia at birth, areflexia, distal muscle weakness, and very slow nerve conduction velocities (often less than 10 m/s). Warner et al. (1997, 1998) noted that pathologic findings on sural nerve biopsies show hypomyelination of most or all fibers. ... These differences in outcome may represent genetic heterogeneity such that mutations in essential early myelin gene(s) cause a severe phenotype, whereas mutations in other, possibly later acting gene(s), such as MPZ, lead to a less severe outcome. ... Electrophysiologic studies showed absent sensory responses and extremely low or absent compound muscle action potentials with absent or very low nerve conduction velocities (3 m/s). Sural nerve biopsies showed absence of myelin in virtually all fibers. ... Conduction velocities were markedly slowed at less than 8 m/s. Light microscopic and enzyme histochemical analysis of a sural nerve biopsy showed profound absence or loss of myelin in virtually all axons and only 2 or 3 normally myelinated axons within the entire cross-section of the nerve. ... INHERITANCE - Autosomal recessive - Autosomal dominant (in 1 patient) RESPIRATORY - Respiratory insufficiency due to neuropathy NEUROLOGIC Peripheral Nervous System - Neonatal hypotonia - Delayed motor development - Distal limb muscle weakness due to peripheral neuropathy - Distal limb muscle atrophy due to peripheral neuropathy - Areflexia - Cranial nerve involvement - Severely decreased motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV) (as low as 3 m/s) - Rare 'onion bulb' formations on nerve biopsy - Severe hypomyelination on nerve biopsy MISCELLANEOUS - Onset at birth - Usually begins in feet and legs (peroneal distribution) - Upper limb involvement may occur later - One patient with sporadic occurrence (autosomal dominant) and a de novo mutation has been reported MOLECULAR BASIS - Caused by mutation in the early growth response-2 gene (EGR2, 129010.0001 ) ▲ Close
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Hereditary Coproporphyria
Wikipedia
.; Camadro, J. M.; Flamme, M.; Rose, C.; Lyoumi, S.; Da Silva, V.; Boileau, C.; Grandchamp, B.; Beaumont, C.; Deybach, J. ... PMID 16159891 . ^ Hasanoglu, A.; Balwani, M.; Kasapkara, Ç. D. S.; Ezgü, F. S.; Okur, İ.; Tümer, L.; Cakmak, A.; Nazarenko, I.; Yu, C.; Clavero, S.; Bishop, D. ... Annals of Internal Medicine . 142 (6): 439–450. doi : 10.7326/0003-4819-142-6-200503150-00010 . PMID 15767622 . ^ Ratnaike, S.; Blake, D. (1995). "The diagnosis and follow-up of porphyria". ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : E80.2 ( ILDS E80.222) ICD - 9-CM : 277.1 OMIM : 121300 MeSH : D046349 DiseasesDB : 30591 External resources eMedicine : med/1888 Porphyria at NLM Genetics Home Reference Coproporphyria at NIH 's Office of Rare Diseases MedlinePlus Encyclopedia : Porphyria v t e Heme metabolism disorders Porphyria , hepatic and erythropoietic ( porphyrin ) early mitochondrial: ALAD porphyria Acute intermittent porphyria cytoplasmic: Gunther disease/congenital erythropoietic porphyria Porphyria cutanea tarda / Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria late mitochondrial: Hereditary coproporphyria Harderoporphyria Variegate porphyria Erythropoietic protoporphyria Hereditary hyperbilirubinemia ( bilirubin ) unconjugated: Gilbert's syndrome Crigler–Najjar syndrome Lucey–Driscoll syndrome conjugated: Dubin–Johnson syndrome nd sheet Rotor syndrome
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Benign Familial Neonatal Seizures
Wikipedia
S2CID 23586942 . ^ a b c d Moulard B, Picard F, le Hellard S, Agulhon C, Weiland S, Favre I, Bertrand S, Malafosse A, Bertrand D (2001). ... Neuropediatrics . 31 (1): 9–12. doi : 10.1055/s-2000-15290 . PMID 10774989 . ^ Pereira S, Roll P, Krizova J, Genton P, Brazdil M, Kuba R, Cau P, Rektor I, Szepetowski P (2004). ... PMID 15030501 . ^ Biervert C, Schroeder B, Kubisch C, Berkovic S, Propping P , Jentsch T, Steinlein O (1998). ... PMID 10482260 . ^ Charlier C, Singh N, Ryan S, Lewis T, Reus B, Leach R, Leppert M (1998). ... PMID 9425900 . S2CID 10437379 . ^ Hirose S, Zenri F, Akiyoshi H, Fukuma G, Iwata H, Inoue T, Yonetani M, Tsutsumi M, Muranaka H, Kurokawa T, Hanai T, Wada K, Kaneko S, Mitsudome A (2000).
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Rumination (Psychology)
Wikipedia
See also [ edit ] Co-rumination Obsessive–compulsive disorder Ovsiankina effect Perseverative cognition Footnotes [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f Nolen-Hoeksema, S.; Wisco, B. E.; Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). ... Cognition and Emotion . 7 (6): 561–570. doi : 10.1080/02699939308409206 . ^ Nolen-Hoeksema, S.; Parker, L. E.; Larson, J. (1994). ... "Rumination, Depression, and Metacognition: The S-REF Model". In Papageorgiou, Costas; Wells, Adrian (eds.). ... ISBN 9780470713853 . ^ Lyubomirsky, S.; Kasri, F.; Zehm, K. (2003). "Dysphoric rumination impairs concentration on academic tasks". ... S2CID 14689415 . ^ Nolen-Hoeksema, S (1987). "Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory" .
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Ischemic Colitis
Wikipedia
., 2002 Saunders, p. 2332. ^ Medina C, Vilaseca J, Videla S, Fabra R, Armengol-Miro J, Malagelada J (2004). ... PMID 11432300 . ^ a b c d Huguier M, Barrier A, Boelle PY, Houry S, Lacaine F (2006). "Ischemic colitis". ... Surg Clin North Am . 77 (2): 289–306. doi : 10.1016/S0039-6109(05)70549-1 . PMID 9146713 . ^ Brandt L, Boley S, Goldberg L, Mitsudo S, Berman A (September 1981). ... The Journal of Surgical Research . 136 (1): 19–24. doi : 10.1016/j.jss.2006.05.014 . PMID 16978651 . ^ Friedland S, Benaron D, Coogan S, et al. (2007). ... PMID 15402790 . ^ Plonka A, Schentag J, Messinger S, Adelman M, Francis K, Williams J (1989).
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Nondisjunction
Wikipedia
Cell . 41 (2): 553–63. doi : 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80028-3 . PMID 2985283 . ^ Sun, S.-C.; Kim, N.-H. (14 November 2011). ... PMID 8875256 . ^ Tartaglia, NR; Howell, S; Sutherland, A; Wilson, R; Wilson, L (May 11, 2010). ... PMID 11468778 . ^ Rubes J, Lowe X, Moore D, Perreault S, Slott V, Evenson D, Selevan SG, Wyrobek AJ (1998). ... PMID 24571325 . ^ Xia Y, Bian Q, Xu L, Cheng S, Song L, Liu J, Wu W, Wang S, Wang X (2004). ... Toxicology . 203 (1–3): 49–60. doi : 10.1016/j.tox.2004.05.018 . PMID 15363581 . ^ Xia Y, Cheng S, Bian Q, Xu L, Collins MD, Chang HC, Song L, Liu J, Wang S, Wang X (2005).
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Halogenoderma
Wikipedia
ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1 . ^ Perbet, S.; Salavert, M.; Amarger, S.; Constantin, J.
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Smoker's Melanosis
Wikipedia
Future studies will also show if the use of tobacco exaggerates the pigmentation of skin. Gallery [ edit ] Possible smoker´s melanosis. Discoloured skin on finger. ... PMID 6200593 Melanocytes in basal cells of a smoker´s gum. Melanin granules in the basal epithelium under light microscope Smoker´s melanosis in upper and lower gums. ... Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 117:708-712. ^ Cordes S, Halum S, Hansen L: Laryngeal melanosis. ... Addiction 1999; 94:417-423. ^ a b Sridharan S, Ganiger K, Satyanarayana A, Rahul A, Shetty S: Effect of environmental tobacco smoke from smoker parents on gingival pigmentation in children and young adults: a cross-sectional study. ... J Oral Pathol Med 1992; 21:440 444. ^ Pentenero M, Broccoletti R, Carbone M, Conrotto D, Gandolfo S: The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in adults from the Turin area.
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Oropouche Fever
Wikipedia
Clinical symptoms include chills, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, dizziness, photophobia, vomiting, joint pains, epigastric pain , and rashes. [6] There also have been some cases where rashes resembles rubella and patients presented systematic symptoms including nausea , vomiting , diarrhea , conjunctive congestion , epigastric pain, and retro-orbitial pain. [5] The initial febrile episode typically passes after a few days, but it is very common to have a reoccurrence of these symptoms with a lesser intensity. [5] Studies have shown this typically happens in about 60% of cases. [5] Cause [ edit ] Oropouche orthobunyavirus Virus classification (unranked): Virus Realm : Riboviria Kingdom: Orthornavirae Phylum: Negarnaviricota Class: Ellioviricetes Order: Bunyavirales Family: Peribunyaviridae Genus: Orthobunyavirus Species: Oropouche orthobunyavirus The oropouche virus is an emerging infectious agent that causes the illness oropouche fever. [7] This virus is an arbovirus and is transmitted among sloths, marsupials, primates, and birds through the mosquitoes Aedes serratus and Culex quinquefaciatus . [3] The oropouche virus has evolved to an urban cycle infecting humans though midges as its main transporting vector. [3] OROV was first described in Trinidad in 1955 when the prototype strain was isolated from the blood of a febrile human patient and from Coquillettidia venezuelensis mosquitoes . [1] In Brazil, OROV was first described in 1960 when it was isolated from a three-toed sloth ( Bradypus tridactylus ) and Ochlerotatus serratus mosquitoes captured nearby during the construction of the Belém-Brasilia Highway . [1] The oropouche virus is responsible for causing massive, explosive outbreaks in Latin American countries, making oropouche fever the second most common arboviral infection seen in Brazil. [8] So far the only reported cases of Oropouche fever have been in Brazil, Panama, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago. [5] ORO fever occurs mainly during the rainy seasons because there is an increase in breeding sites in the vector populations. [5] There has also been reports of the oropouche epidemics during the dry season but this is most likely due to the high population density of mosquitoes from the past rainy season. [5] Moreover, during the dry season there is a deceased chance of outbreaks which decreases the amount of midges this is because the amount of outbreaks is related to the number of human population that has not yet been exposed to this virus. [5] Mechanism [ edit ] Oropouche fever is caused by the oropouche virus (OROV) that belongs to the bunyaviridae family of arboviruses. [5] This virus is a single-stranded, negative sense RNA virus which is the cause of this disease. [6] There are no specific ultrastructural studies of the oropouche virus in human tissues that have been recorded to this date. [5] It is likely that this viral agent shares similar morphological characteristics with other members of the Orthobunyavirus genus. [5] Members of the Orthobunyavirus genus have a three part, single-stranded, negative sense RNA genome of small (S), medium (M) and large (L) RNA segments. [5] These segments function to encode nucleocapsids , glycoproteins and the RNA polymerase in that sequential order. [5] Through phylogenetic analysis of nucleocapsid genes in different oropouche virus strains, it has been revealed that there are three unique genotypes (I, II, III) that are currently spreading through Central and South America. [5] Genomic Reassortment [ edit ] Genetic reassortment is said to be one of the most important mechanisms in explaining the viral biodiversity in orthobunyaviruses. [5] This occurs when two genetically related viruses infect the same cell at the same time forming a progeny virus and this virus holds various components of genetic L, M and S segments from the two parental viruses. [5] In reassortment, the S and L segments are the ones that are usually exchanged between species further, the S segment, that is coded by the nucleocapsid protein, and the L polymerase function together to create a replication of the viral genome. ... Retrieved 2009-03-20 . ^ a b c Mourão, Maria Paula G.; Bastos, Michelle S.; Gimaque, João Bosco L.; Mota, Bruno Rafaelle; Souza, Giselle S.; Grimmer, Gustavo Henrique N.; Galusso, Elizabeth S.; Arruda, Eurico; Figueiredo, Luiz Tadeu M. ... PMID 6782898 – via AJTMH. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Travassos da Rosa, Jorge Fernando; de Souza, William Marciel; Pinheiro, Francisco de Paula; Figueiredo, Mário Luiz; Cardoso, Jedson Ferreira; Acrani, Gustavo Olszanski; Nunes, Márcio Roberto Teixeira (2017-05-03). ... PMID 28167595 . ^ a b c d Vasconcelos, Helena B.; Azevedo, Raimunda S. S.; Casseb, Samir M.; Nunes-Neto, Joaquim P.; Chiang, Jannifer O.; Cantuária, Patrick C.; Segura, Maria N.
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Mutyh-Associated Polyposis
Wikipedia
Diagnostic Histopathology . 21 (4): 147–151. doi : 10.1016/j.mpdhp.2015.04.006 . ^ Gupta, S; Provenzale, D; Llor, X; Halverson, AL; Grady, W; Chung, DC; Haraldsdottir, S; Markowitz, AJ; Slavin TP, Jr; Hampel, H; CGC.; Ness, RM; Weiss, JM; Ahnen, DJ; Chen, LM; Cooper, G; Early, DS; Giardiello, FM; Hall, MJ; Hamilton, SR; Kanth, P; Klapman, JB; Lazenby, AJ; Lynch, PM; Mayer, RJ; Mikkelson, J; CGC.; Peter, S; Regenbogen, SE; Dwyer, MA; CGC.; Ogba, N (1 September 2019).MUTYH, APC, SGSM3, FAP, KRAS, NTHL1, TNF, IFNG, AFAP1, MSH6, IL10, CTNNB1, FN1, HRAS, CHRM3, TSPO, BRAF, NOD2, TLR2, CNPY2, SELENBP1, TNFSF13, TLR1, PIP5K1C, TBCA, MTCO2P12, SLC11A1, SHBG, CORO1A, ACAD8, GREM1, LAMP3, PERCC1, MIR27A, NTM, TNFRSF12A, S100A8, CCHCR1, SLC30A10, PRDM10, SLC30A8, ERVK-6, CCL2, ANGPT2, MAPK3, LAMP1, BGLAP, VPS51, CAMP, CSF2, DAG1, HLA-DRB3, HSPD1, IFNB1, IL6, CXCL8, INS, IRF5, LAMC2, POLE, LIG4, LPO, LSAMP, MBP, MOG, MRC1, MSH2, MTAP, COX2, MYLK, NRAS, POLD1, ERVK-32
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Metritis
Wikipedia
The infection rate declined significantly. [4] Etymology and pronunciation [ edit ] The word metritis ( / m ə ˈ t r aɪ t ɪ s / or / m i ˈ t r aɪ t ɪ s / ) uses combining forms of metr- + -itis , yielding "uterus inflammation". ... Biology of Reproduction December 1, 2009 vol. 81 no. 6 1025-1032 Archived June 1, 2012, at the Wayback Machine ^ The Merck Veterinary Manual, "Metritis and Endometritis" ^ Vinícius Silva Machado, Marcela Luccas de Souza Bicalho u. a.: Subcutaneous Immunization with Inactivated Bacterial Components and Purified Protein of Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Trueperella pyogenes Prevents Puerperal Metritis in Holstein Dairy Cows. In: PLoS ONE. 9, 2014, S. e91734, doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0091734 .
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Gerontophilia
Wikipedia
PMID 26352305 . ^ Kaul, A.; Duffy, S. (1991). "Gerontophilia: A case report". Medicine, Science and the Law . 31 : 110–114. ^ Hammond, S.; Quayle, E.; Kirakowski, J.; O'Halloran, E.; Wynne, F. (2009). ... Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology . 16 (1): 127–138. doi : 10.1080/14789940412331290076 . ^ Milner, Joel S.; Dopke, Cynthia A.; Crouch, Julie L. (2008).
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Macular Hole
Wikipedia
Specialty Ophthalmology A macular Hole A macular hole is a small break in the macula , located in the center of the eye 's light-sensitive tissue called the retina . ... PMID 4716759 . 5. Saurabh K, Roy R, Mishra S, Garg B, Goel S. Multicolor imaging features of dissociated optic nerve fiber layer after internal limiting membrane peeling.
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Renal Anaplastic Sarcoma
Wikipedia
Int J Surg Pathol 24(6):556-561 ^ Wu MK, Vujanic GM, Fahiminiya S, Watanabe N, Thorner PS, O'Sullivan MJ, Fabian MR, Foulkes WD (2017) Anaplastic sarcomas of the kidney are characterized by DICER1 mutations. Mod Pathol ^ Yoshida M, Hamanoue S, Seki M, Tanaka M, Yoshida K, Goto H, Ogawa S, Takita J, Tanaka Y (2016) Metachronous anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney and thyroid follicular carcinoma as manifestations of DICER1 abnormalities.
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Leaf Rust (Barley)
Wikipedia
Lawson; G.J. Platz; M. Dieters; V.N. Arief; S. Germán; S. Fletcher; R.F. Park; D. Singh; S. Pereyra; J. Franckowiak (2011). "Mapping Rph20 : a gene conferring adult plant resistance to Puccinia hordei in barley".
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Hyalinizing Clear Cell Carcinoma
Wikipedia
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod . 112 (1): e26–34. doi : 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.02.041 . PMID 21669357 . ^ a b Milchgrub, S.; Gnepp, DR.; Vuitch, F.; Delgado, R.; Albores-Saavedra, J. ... Genes Chromosomes Cancer . 50 (7): 559–70. doi : 10.1002/gcc.20881 . PMID 21484932 . ^ Masilamani, S.; Rao, S.; Chirakkal, P.; Kumar, AR. (2011).
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Strychnine Poisoning
Wikipedia
Strychnine is mentioned in Hannah Fury 's song "The Necklace of Marie Antoinette". Tom Lehrer 's song "Poisoning Pigeons in The Park" mentions feeding strychnine to a pigeon. In "Composing" from Boys Night Out 's concept album Trainwreck, The Patient poisons his entire family at the dinner table with strychnine. ... In Hans Scherfig 's novel Stolen Spring , a high school student kills his teacher with a strychnine-tainted malt drop. ... Norman Bates' mother and her lover were killed with strychnine in Alfred Hitchcock 's Psycho (1960). The sheriff comments: "Ugly way to die."