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Aniridia 1 OMIM

His mother had bilateral aniridia, glaucoma, and corneal opacification, as well as a dense cataract in the right eye; she also had elevated fasting blood glucose, although she had not been diagnosed with diabetes.

PAX6, TRIM44, WT1, FOXC1, ELP4, FOXD3, PITX2, FOXE3, MDH2, SDHA, SDHAF2, REST, RET, KIF1B, SDHB, MAX, SDHC, SDHD, POU6F2, TRIM28, VHL, WNT10B, SEM1, MAFB, SLC25A11, TP63, TRIP13, BTRC, PORCN, COL25A1, DLX5, DLX6, CHN1, FAM111A, EPS15L1, FH, GPC3, BRCA2, DIS3L2, LDHD, H19, TMEM127, ITPR1, DLST, CAT, DEL11P13, ACP1, CYP1B1, PAX3, HRAS, LGR4, SLURP1, DCPS, PHF21A, WT1-AS, RN7SL263P, KIF21A, RIEG2, RASSF7, CXCL8, ALDH1A1, APOB, ARSD, ATP2A2, BCR, CTNNB1, EGF, SERPINB1, FGF2, MTOR, KRT12, VEGFA, NOTCH1, NRAS, GPR143, OCA2, SIX6, OTX2, PAX2, ADH7, CCL3, NR2E1, DEL11P13

Aniridia 3 OMIM

A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that aniridia-3 (AN3) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the TRIM44 gene (612298) on chromosome 11p13. One such family has been reported. For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of aniridia, see AN1 (106210). Clinical Features Zhang et al. (2015) studied a 4-generation Chinese family in which 8 patients had aniridia without systemic abnormalities. The patients ranged in age from 7 to 55 years, and all had complete bilateral defects of the iris. Visual acuity gradually decreased over time due to the irregular lens opacity caused by lack of iris block and direct exposure to the sun.
Aniridia 2 OMIM

A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that aniridia-2 (AN2) is caused by heterozygous mutation in a PAX6 (607108) cis-regulatory element (SIMO) that resides in an intron of the adjacent ELP4 gene (606985) on chromosome 11p13. One such patient has been reported. For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of aniridia, see AN1 (106210). Clinical Features Bhatia et al. (2013) studied a 17-year-old boy with aniridia who was diagnosed at 2 years of age with bilateral iris hypoplasia. Renal ultrasound, audiometric examination, and neurologic evaluation were normal, as were physical and psychomotor development. At 17 years of age, his bilateral aniridia was confirmed, and slit-lamp examination showed peripheral cataracts in both lenses.
Aniridia Wikipedia

Absence of the iris, usually involving both eyes This article may be too technical for most readers to understand . Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts , without removing the technical details. ( February 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Aniridia A man with aniridia Specialty Medical genetics Aniridia is the absence of the iris , usually involving both eyes. It can be congenital or caused by a penetrant injury. [1] Isolated aniridia is a congenital disorder which is not limited to a defect in iris development, but is a panocular condition with macular and optic nerve hypoplasia , cataract , and corneal changes. [2] Vision may be severely compromised and the disorder is frequently associated with a number of ocular complications: nystagmus , amblyopia , buphthalmos , and cataract . [1] Aniridia in some individuals occurs as part of a syndrome, such as WAGR syndrome ( kidney nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour), genitourinary anomalies and intellectual disability), or Gillespie syndrome ( cerebellar ataxia ). Contents 1 PAX6 2 Types 3 Mutational analysis 4 Treatment 5 See also 6 References 7 External links PAX6 [ edit ] Phenotypic expression of aniridia with PAX6 gene mutation. The aniridic probands showed typical features of sclerocornea with nystagmus in proband 28–1 (A); Foveal hypoplasia in proband 27–1 (B); Ptosis, microcornea with dislocated cataractous lens in proband 10–1 (C); Ectopia lentis in proband 16–1 (D).
Aniridia GARD

Aniridia is an eye disorder characterized by a complete or partial absence of the colored part of the eye (the iris) and is usually associated with foveal hypoplasia (underdevelopment of the part of the eye responsible for sharp central vision). This combination can lead to decreased visual acuity and involuntary eye movements (nystagmus) in affected infants. People with aniridia may also have other eye problems including increased pressure in the eye (glaucoma), clouding of the lens of the eye (cataracts), and abnormalities of the cornea. Many of these eye problems contribute to progressive vision loss in affected individuals. Occasionally, people with aniridia have behavioral problems, developmental delay, and problems detecting odors.
Isolated Aniridia Orphanet

Isolated aniridia is a congenital bilateral ocular malformation characterized by the complete or partial absence of the iris. Epidemiology The annual incidence is estimated at 1/ 64,000- 1/ 96,000. Clinical description Isolated aniridia can occur in association with a range of other ocular anomalies including cataract, glaucoma (usually occurring during adolescence), corneal pannus, optic nerve hypoplasia, absence of macular reflex, ectopia lentis, nystagmus, and photophobia, all of which generally result in poor vision. Etiology Aniridia is due to mutations in the PAX6 gene (11p13) encoding a transcriptional regulator involved in oculogenesis. PAX6 mutations result in alterations in corneal cytokeratin expression, cell adhesion and glycoconjugate expression.

Diving Disorders Wikipedia

Also referred to in the US Navy Diving Manual as compression pains. Fast compression (descent) may produce symptoms as shallow as 30 msw.

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Wikipedia

The hydrogen breath test involves having the patient fast for a minimum of 12 hours then having them drink a substrate usually glucose or lactulose, then measuring expired hydrogen and methane concentrations typically over a period of several hours.

CRP, TLR4, ALB, SLC26A3, GPT, IL1A, IL1RN, IL6, CXCL8, IRF6, LBP, MGP, TNF, ARID4B

Watershed Stroke Wikipedia

Initial symptoms, as promoted by the American Stroke Association, are FAST , representing F = Facial weakness (droop), A = Arm weakness (drift), S = Speech difficulty (slur), and T = Time to act (priority of intervention). [4] All strokes are considered a medical emergency.

Scoliosis Wikipedia

Some of the lumbar vertebrae in Pan are "captured", meaning that they are held fast between the ilium bones of the pelvis.

DLL3, ATAD3A, DLL1, SLC10A7, PIGU, PAX7, NOTCH1, TRAPPC4, FGFR3, MMP1, ROBO3, SH3TC2, PIEZO2, MECP2, TGFB1, COL1A1, FXN, STAT3, SELENON, FLNB, PMP22, EXT1, LBX1, RET, COL5A1, RUNX2, PLOD1, COL3A1, COL1A2, GJC2, SOX9, NGLY1, SOX5, SMAD3, ELN, FBN1, NUS1, SHOX, CCN6, RIN2, MYF5, PTPN11, SLC26A2, PTCH1, CHD7, CREBBP, CRLF1, NRXN1, ZMYND10, RYR1, LOX, ZBTB20, DNAH1, AUTS2, PHGDH, CNTNAP2, B3GAT3, ABCB7, LEMD3, SH2B1, SUZ12, KIAA0556, BICD2, RPGRIP1L, NEDD4L, SYNE1, OBSL1, SLC35A3, TGDS, SLC39A14, SIN3A, KAT6B, CLCF1, ATP6V0A2, LRRC6, NPAP1, FLRT1, RAB3GAP2, SAMHD1, TINF2, SETD2, HSPB8, OTUD6B, ZDHHC9, SBDS, TMEM216, NME8, DACT1, MBTPS2, TMEM138, LARP7, PIGT, SUFU, BSCL2, RAB23, RTEL1, INPP5K, MAP3K20, FGFRL1, GDAP1, TMCO1, MAGEL2, GTPBP2, TRAPPC12, NDUFAF1, YARS2, ATL1, TBL2, DNAI1, B9D1, STK36, TUBGCP4, PGAP2, CCDC22, FLVCR1, UBE2T, ANKRD11, STRN4, GMPPB, POMT2, SLC25A24, PSAT1, RRM2B, CHST11, NSDHL, CDON, EXOC6B, RAB18, SYNE2, CEP104, PIGL, TBX4, ADAMTS2, BAG3, GABBR2, GTF2IRD1, GOSR2, GDF3, SEC24C, SEMA3E, KMT2B, ECEL1, TMEM94, PIEZO1, KIAA0586, PTDSS1, CUL7, DNAJC6, RUSC2, SEC24D, WASHC5, MFN2, CHST3, CYP7B1, MED12, HERC1, DNAH11, EED, BANF1, DPM2, SYNJ1, MCM3AP, MTMR2, AP1S2, CACNA1G, HERC2, FOXH1, RECQL4, PLOD3, BAZ1B, SEMA5A, AIFM1, CTDP1, LARGE1, TRIP11, TRIP4, LONP1, COG1, RBM8A, SLC12A6, PMPCA, MRAS, RAI1, CPLX1, KCNQ1OT1, TLK2, PRDM5, POLR3A, ERLIN2, PDCD10, TREX1, RNF13, PUF60, PLK4, RAB3GAP1, HYDIN, DKK1, CEP152, ZNF292, EMC1, ZNF423, IQSEC2, PHF8, MAPK8IP3, STAG2, EBP, GNE, MAD2L2, HUWE1, PQBP1, MKRN3-AS1, ATP6AP2, CD96, SF3B4, TRAIP, APC2, CCNO, KLHL41, PIBF1, POMT1, SLC9A6, SEC23B, SEC23A, CRTAP, FBLN5, DEAF1, RNASEH2A, AGPAT2, ARFGEF2, COLEC10, P4HTM, WRAP53, AHI1, LRRC56, NEK9, GORAB, DRC1, MARS2, PGAP3, CCDC114, CEP41, NACC1, CHST14, SLC52A3, CCDC151, RSS, SP7, FGD4, DNAAF1, CANT1, B3GALT6, TBC1D20, DNAJC21, RIPPLY2, NDUFAF6, PIH1D3, TMEM67, SLC25A46, KLC4, RSPH1, ANTXR1, POMK, PHF6, COG8, SLX4, MEGF10, NKX6-2, GNPTG, ZNF469, MYPN, HES7, FAM126A, PIGO, LMNB2, DISP1, PIGY, CFAP300, COL27A1, ALG2, TUBGCP6, CCDC65, AMER1, A2ML1, DYM, CCDC103, PIGW, CAVIN1, DOK7, SH3PXD2B, SNORD115-1, CCDC39, MCIDAS, RSPH4A, DNAAF3, DNAJB13, MYMK, B3GLCT, KBTBD13, GDF6, LBX1-AS1, ALG11, PWRN1, SNORD116-1, KLLN, TTN-AS1, LINC02294, CHL1-AS2, KANSL1, H19, NALCN, RNASEH1, PWAR1, MESP2, CCBE1, ARL6IP6, CEP120, VPS13B, FAM120AOS, TMTC3, DNAAF4, SGMS2, ARX, ASXL1, ARID2, ALG14, ARL13B, FLCN, ANO5, HYLS1, JMJD1C, RSPH9, GAS2L2, RNASEH2C, ATRIP, BRIP1, SALL4, IARS2, ERMARD, CENPJ, ZC4H2, NDUFA12, ALG1, LMOD3, INPP5E, CFAP298, RARS2, ADGRG6, CCDC8, PLEKHG5, SHROOM4, ARID1B, HACE1, CC2D2A, ALS2, FANCM, GBA2, PRX, SPTBN4, PACS1, NHP2, PIGV, FOXRED1, SAMD9, APTX, BCOR, NSUN2, NCAPG2, MKS1, DNAAF5, RNF125, CCDC40, FANCL, ARMC4, DCHS1, MSTO1, RFWD3, DNAAF2, SETD5, FANCI, ASXL2, VPS53, UFSP2, NOP10, PRUNE1, TRPV4, SLC5A7, ROGDI, DYNC2H1, TBL1XR1, PALB2, TTC21B, CSPP1, TCTN2, CTC1, CEP290, FUZ, ARMC9, PUS1, ASXL3, DDHD1, SLC2A10, ADAMTS10, VANGL1, DDX59, TTC25, DNAL1, CCM2, RSPH3, USB1, FAT4, FKBP10, EFL1, TRAPPC11, PRDM16, XYLT1, IFIH1, P3H1, NSD1, NXN, SIL1, DNAI2, KLC2, PORCN, TMEM237, UPF3B, CPLANE1, COLEC11, FKRP, GNPTAB, TMEM43, TMEM231, TCTN1, RNASEH2B, PTCH2, GNPAT, MPZ, HPGD, GRIN1, GRIN2B, GTF2I, BRF1, GUSB, HTT, HNRNPH2, HNRNPK, HNRNPU, HRAS, FLNA, HSD17B4, HSPD1, HSPG2, IDH1, IDH2, IDUA, IGBP1, IGF2, IHH, GRIA3, GP1BB, GNAQ, GLI3, FN1, FOS, FUCA1, FZD2, GABRD, GAD1, B4GALNT1, GALNS, GARS1, GAS1, GAS8, GCH1, GFAP, GFPT1, GJB1, GPC3, GLB1, GLE1, GLI2, INPPL1, IPW, IRF6, MMP13, MPV17, CDK13, MRE11, MTM1, MUSK, MYH3, MYH7, MYH11, MYLK, MYOD1, NDN, NDP, NEB, NEU1, NFIX, TONSL, NODAL, NONO, NOTCH2, MPL, MEOX1, ITGA7, MEIS2, ITGB6, KCNH1, KCNJ2, KCNJ6, KIF5A, KIF22, KRAS, LAMA2, LAMB2, LETM1, LFNG, LIFR, LIG4, LIMK1, LMNA, LMX1B, LRP4, MAP1B, MAT2A, FMR1, FLII, NPHP1, SERPINH1, KIF1A, BDNF, BMPR1B, BRCA1, BRAF, BRCA2, CACNA1C, CAPN1, CAV1, CBS, FLI1, KRIT1, CDC42, CENPE, CFL2, CHRM3, CHRNA1, CHRNG, CLCN4, COL2A1, ATR, ATP7A, RERE, ASAH1, ACADS, ACTA1, ACTA2, ACTB, ACTG1, ACVR1, ADAR, AGA, AHSG, AKT1, ABCD1, ALDH3A2, ALX3, BIN1, APC, ABCC6, ARF1, ARL3, ARVCF, COL5A2, COL6A1, COL6A2, ERCC4, EZH2, FANCA, FANCC, FANCD2, FANCE, BPTF, FANCB, FANCF, FANCG, FKTN, GPC4, FGD1, FGF8, FGF14, FGFR1, FGFR2, FHL1, FOXG1, FOXE3, EXT2, EP300, COL6A3, EMD, COL12A1, COMP, COMT, CTBP1, CTNND2, CTSK, DCC, DDX3X, DHCR7, DKC1, DMD, DNAH5, DPAGT1, DPP6, ATN1, DVL1, DVL3, TOR1A, EFNB1, NOTCH3, EMC1-AS1, NPR2, TERT, TBCD, TBCE, TBX2, TBX5, TBX6, TCF4, TCF20, TDGF1, TERC, TGFB2, TRPS1, TGFB3, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, TGIF1, TK2, TNNI2, TNNT3, TPM2, TPM3, TBX1, MAP3K7, SYT1, VAMP1, SMARCA4, SMARCB1, SMARCC2, SMARCE1, SMS, SNRPB, SNRPN, SON, SOS1, SOS2, SOX4, SOX11, SPAG1, SPARC, NRAS, SRP54, SRY, SSR4, CDKL5, TRIO, TTN, SLCO2A1, TRRAP, GAN, GDF5, LZTR1, USP9X, RBM10, NAA10, LAGE3, ARID1A, COLQ, CDC45, TTPA, LTBP4, ABL1, CUL4B, OFD1, KCNAB2, IKBKG, ELP1, DEGS1, CASK, HMGA2, KMT2D, MFAP5, ALMS1, HIRA, TWIST1, UBA1, UBE3A, UFD1, SLC35A2, KDM6A, VDR, CLIP2, WHCR, NSD2, NELFA, WNT1, WNT5A, WT1, XRCC2, YWHAG, ZIC2, MKRN3, SMARCA2, SPG7, RAP1A, RAC1, PCNT, MASP1, PSMD12, PAX6, PTEN, PYCR1, ALDH18A1, RAD51, PCYT1A, RAD51C, RAF1, PIK3C2A, PAX3, PARN, RAP1B, RAPSN, PRPS1, PDE4D, RBBP8, PEX6, PLOD2, PODXL, POLA1, POLD1, PGM3, POLE, POR, PPARG, ENPP1, PPIB, PRKAR1A, PRKD1, PRKG1, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, SLC16A2, RASA2, PIK3CA, DPF2, TRAPPC2, SDHC, ROR2, SFRP4, SGCG, SDHB, DDR2, SHH, SBF1, SIX3, RREB1, RRAS, NUP88, SKI, RPS6KA3, RPL11, RPL10, RPGR, SLC6A3, RMRP, RIT1, OCRL, RFC2, P4HB, SDHD, IS1, GH1, TP63, AR, EOS, IH, LRP2, MCF2L, FBN2, MMP3, ACAN, ATP2A2, SERPINA1, BFSP2, MT1A, ATP2B4, KIF6, ATP2A3, ACR, TNFSF11, TUBB2B, ACTN3, MTNR1A, NTF3, PLF, KRT8P3, UBL4A, DYSF, LINC00649, NTRK1, GATA6, BGLAP, CCL2, EGR2, ESR1, F9, HTC2, EFEMP1, HGF, FGF2, CX3CL1, FGF23, SPAST, FOXC2, SGCA, SATB2, SMN2, SMN1, GHR, IL1B, IL6, TPH1, TAS2R38, CCDC6, TUBA1A, CAPN3, RUNX1, ZIC1, CD38, MATN1, CHD2, CHI3L1, LEP, ASH1L, PRL, CRP, CSF1R, KRT8, REM1

Organophosphate Poisoning Wikipedia

The main restriction on this type of diagnosis is that depending on the OP, the degree to which either AChE or BuChE are inhibited differs; therefore, measure of metabolites in blood and urine do not specify which OP agent is responsible for the poisoning. [23] [25] However, for fast initial screening, determining AChE and BuChE activity in the blood are the most widely used procedures for confirming a diagnosis of OP poisoning. [25] The most widely used portable testing device is the Test-mate ChE field test, [26] [27] : 13 which can be used to determine levels of Red Blood Cells (RBC), AChE and plasma (pseudo) cholinesterase (PChE) in the blood in about four minutes.

ACHE, BCHE, PEPD, PON1, GSR

Sepsis Wikipedia

Sepsis Other names Septicemia, blood poisoning Blood culture bottles: orange cap for anaerobes , green cap for aerobes , and yellow cap for blood samples from children [1] Pronunciation / ˈ s ɛ p s ɪ s / Specialty Infectious disease Symptoms Fever , increased heart rate , low blood pressure , increased breathing rate , confusion [2] Causes Immune response triggered by an infection [3] [4] Risk factors Young or old age, cancer , diabetes , major trauma , burns [2] Diagnostic method Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), [3] qSOFA [5] Treatment Intravenous fluids , antimicrobials [2] [6] Prognosis 10 to 80% risk of death [5] [7] Frequency 0.2–3 per 1000 a year (developed world) [7] [8] Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs. [5] This initial stage is followed by suppression of the immune system . [9] Common signs and symptoms include fever , increased heart rate , increased breathing rate , and confusion . [2] There may also be symptoms related to a specific infection, such as a cough with pneumonia , or painful urination with a kidney infection . [3] The very young, old, and people with a weakened immune system may have no symptoms of a specific infection, and the body temperature may be low or normal instead of having a fever . [3] Severe sepsis causes poor organ function or blood flow. [10] The presence of low blood pressure , high blood lactate , or low urine output may suggest poor blood flow. [10] Septic shock is low blood pressure due to sepsis that does not improve after fluid replacement . [10] Sepsis is an inflammatory immune response triggered by an infection. [3] [4] Bacterial infections are the most common cause, but fungal , viral , and protozoan infections can also lead to sepsis. [3] Common locations for the primary infection include the lungs, brain, urinary tract , skin, and abdominal organs . [3] Risk factors include being very young, older age, a weakened immune system from conditions such as cancer or diabetes , major trauma , or burns . [2] Previously, a sepsis diagnosis required the presence of at least two systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria in the setting of presumed infection. [3] In 2016, a shortened sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA score), known as the quick SOFA score (qSOFA), replaced the SIRS system of diagnosis. [5] qSOFA criteria for sepsis include at least two of the following three: increased breathing rate, change in the level of consciousness, and low blood pressure. [5] Sepsis guidelines recommend obtaining blood cultures before starting antibiotics; however, the diagnosis does not require the blood to be infected . [3] Medical imaging is helpful when looking for the possible location of the infection. [10] Other potential causes of similar signs and symptoms include anaphylaxis , adrenal insufficiency , low blood volume , heart failure , and pulmonary embolism . [3] Sepsis requires immediate treatment with intravenous fluids and antimicrobials . [2] [6] Ongoing care often continues in an intensive care unit . [2] If an adequate trial of fluid replacement is not enough to maintain blood pressure, then the use of medications that raise blood pressure becomes necessary. [2] Mechanical ventilation and dialysis may be needed to support the function of the lungs and kidneys, respectively. [2] A central venous catheter and an arterial catheter may be placed for access to the bloodstream and to guide treatment. [10] Other helpful measurements include cardiac output and superior vena cava oxygen saturation . [10] People with sepsis need preventive measures for deep vein thrombosis , stress ulcers , and pressure ulcers unless other conditions prevent such interventions. [10] Some people might benefit from tight control of blood sugar levels with insulin . [10] The use of corticosteroids is controversial, with some reviews finding benefit, [11] [12] and others not. [13] Disease severity partly determines the outcome. [7] The risk of death from sepsis is as high as 30%, while for severe sepsis it is as high as 50%, and septic shock 80%. [7] Sepsis affected about 49 million people in 2017, with 11 million deaths (1 in 5 deaths worldwide). [14] In the developed world , approximately 0.2 to 3 people per 1000 are affected by sepsis yearly, resulting in about a million cases per year in the United States. [7] [8] Rates of disease have been increasing. [10] Sepsis is more common among males than females. [3] Descriptions of sepsis date back to the time of Hippocrates . [15] The terms "septicemia" and "blood poisoning" have been used in various ways and are no longer recommended. [15] [16] Play media Video summary ( script ) Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Cause 3 Diagnosis 3.1 Definitions 3.2 End-organ dysfunction 3.3 Biomarkers 3.4 Differential diagnosis 3.5 Neonatal sepsis 4 Pathophysiology 4.1 Microbial factors 4.2 Host factors 5 Management 5.1 Antibiotics 5.2 Intravenous fluids 5.3 Blood products 5.4 Vasopressors 5.5 Steroids 5.6 Anesthesia 5.7 Source control 5.8 Early goal directed therapy 5.9 Newborns 5.10 Other 6 Prognosis 7 Epidemiology 8 History 9 Society and culture 9.1 Economics 9.2 Education 10 Research 11 References 12 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] In addition to symptoms related to the actual cause, people with sepsis may have a fever , low body temperature , rapid breathing , a fast heart rate , confusion , and edema . [17] Early signs include a rapid heart rate, decreased urination , and high blood sugar .

NOS2, TLR4, ANGPT1, CASP3, CSF3, HMGB1, IFNG, ADM, TNF, PROC, IL10, LTA, LBP, MAPK1, TGFB1, NOS3, TGFBI, MMP9, CXCR2, MIF, ADORA2B, MAPK3, IFNA2, ADORA2A, BCL2, BTBD8, LCN2, PCSK9, SIRT1, MBL2, TEK, FCGR1A, MPO, THBD, CALCA, TLR2, IL1RN, COTL1, HMOX1, CD14, IL33, IL1A, IL1B, HIF1A, UROD, ADAMTS13, IL6, CASP1, CXCL8, CALML3, MYD88, IL17A, IL18, F3, NLRP3, CCL2, NM, PIK3CD, MIR146A, PDCD1, ELOVL4, SERPINE1, PIK3CG, ANGPT2, ALB, TREM1, TLR9, XIAP, CSRP3, NFE2L2, AGER, CRP, MIR21, STAT3, PTX3, CD274, PIK3CA, C5AR1, GPT, ITGAM, ACTB, PIK3CB, VWF, GSDMD, ICAM1, CIRBP, MIR155, XRN1, GABPA, ACE, NOD2, MAPK8, SEPTIN1, TLR1, CFH, SDC1, MIR223, F5, CD86, RETN, AQP5, IL4, PRKAA1, COPD, PRKAA2, ROS1, PPARG, VEGFA, AVP, AZU1, MALAT1, P2RX7, S100A8, HP, F2R, CSF2, HLA-DRA, WNT5A, HPSE, F2, ENTPD1, S100A9, ITGB2, HRG, BCHE, SMPD1, IL17D, PROCR, PRKAB1, VPS51, IL7, IFNA1, TNFRSF1A, PTGS2, SELE, CAV1, NFKB1, IFNA13, CD163, SPP1, MYDGF, DECR1, MIR150, PLA2G2A, LY96, SFTPD, REG1A, RELA, MYLK, MFAP1, HAMP, MMP8, IFNB1, TXN, IL2RA, NR3C1, VCAM1, IRAK1, ISG20, MTOR, IRAK3, TLR3, RIPK3, IL27, PADI4, MFGE8, NEAT1, CTLA4, UCP2, AKT1, APRT, ADIPOQ, KL, ALK, GDF15, C5, MIR23B, CASP4, CD69, CFB, AIMP2, AHSG, EGF, MIR126, LEP, MIR122, POLDIP2, GORASP1, MEFV, PDE4B, AMBP, RNF19A, PC, THPO, TRPM7, CAMP, CCR2, EDN1, GCG, BDNF, EOS, CXCR4, GAS6, SYT1, SIRT3, FCGR3A, APOA1, SIRT2, WNK1, CEBPB, CXCL1, MBL3P, ADAM10, HSPA4, ACHE, CYBB, AHSA1, CRK, TIRAP, MAPK14, SELP, IL22, PON1, SAA1, IL2, SIRT6, S100B, GRAP2, GSN, MIR143, JUN, JUNB, SLC52A2, JUND, TNFRSF6B, BAX, NAMPT, JAK2, HOXD13, APLN, PDCD1LG2, TNNI3, LGALS3, CAT, ABCC11, CARS1, ACCS, IGF1, NR1I2, CD19, BPI, CD80, SPHK1, IDO1, MINDY4, HSPD1, HAVCR2, TM7SF2, KAT8, CST3, TFPI, PINK1, PPIG, PLA2G1B, PLAU, PLD1, PLG, SLC2A1, TLR7, GP6, HDAC6, SETMAR, PTEN, PTH, CXCL12, ADAR, FOXP3, MTCO2P12, LINC02605, C5AR2, RPS6KB1, SAA2, S100A1, SMOX, SOAT1, ATG16L1, CD177, ATP5F1A, ATP2A2, SERPINC1, HOTAIR, NR3C2, MMP1, TAT, SEMA6A, TAC1, COX2, PPP6R3, ABCC8, PLA2G15, GZMB, NDUFA2, FAS, ACSS2, NOS1, PANX1, LOC100505909, AQP1, PPP6R2, ELANE, LAT2, DPYD, DPYS, VDR, MIR26B, MIR145, CETP, CHI3L1, VIP, MIR142, FOSB, S1PR3, GJA1, EZH2, FOXM1, RTL1, PPM1D, PPARGC1A, PWAR1, MIR25, BTLA, FOS, BECN1, CTH, FASN, SCGB1A1, CXCL2, FCGR3B, P2RY1, ARG1, MEG3, TNFRSF11B, ORM1, P2RX4, OCLN, MMP13, APOL1, SOD2, FCGR2B, ARSA, SNCA, NUP62, ACE2, CASP12, PRKN, FER, EWSR1, FCMR, SSRP1, F2RL1, APOM, CNR2, MYC, AQP3, MSC, SOCS1, SLBP, C20orf181, FST, MIF-AS1, DNM1L, HCAR2, SYP, ERN1, LINC01672, NOTCH1, FCAR, COX8A, FCGR2A, GTF2H1, TACR1, MRC1, QPCT, RPL17-C18orf32, GTS, PENK, PF4, CRH, PTMA, PTMAP4, RN7SL263P, IL37, MIR15A, MIR17, HEBP1, MIR182, RAC1, MOK, RAG1, KHDRBS1, PRPH2, SPATA2, RELB, CCL1, KEAP1, SETD2, RPL17, CTSB, CTNND1, PLA2G10, SLC25A10, CLOCK, IRAK4, SELENOP, DNMT1, POMC, PFKFB3, ALPL, ALDH2, MIR125A, PKM, EDNRA, EMSLR, PLAT, PLAUR, MASP2, IL23A, DUSP1, DCTN4, HAVCR1, TNFRSF12A, PPARA, PPARD, TSC22D3, CLEC1B, PRKCA, PRKCB, GRK2, MFN2, EIF2AK2, TRPV4, ADAM17, IL13, TLR5, IL15, GFAP, SQSTM1, TRPV1, CXCL10, NCF1, TMSB4X, HSP90AA1, GC, HSPA1B, MAP1LC3B, TICAM1, ITGAL, PLA2G6, HSPA1A, ITGB1, BRCA1, KLF2, TRPM2, GAPDH, MIR608, CD38, TNC, TP53, SIRT5, GPR174, CD22, TNFSF13, CHRFAM7A, STAM2, TSLP, HSH2D, CCK, CBS, VIM, CASP9, IL3, MIR193B, TRIM69, IL5, GLP1R, GJA5, VLDLR, GIP, CXCR1, GH1, C3AR1, G6PD, CD5L, FOXO1, SLC39A14, CHRNA4, TAGAP, TNFRSF13B, SMAD2, MB, FN1, KDM6B, TGFBR2, LAG3, FPR2, CD74, CBLL2, PARK7, BAAT, CHRNA7, PAGR1, CD59, HDLBP, B2M, TIMP1, NR4A1, TFAM, LTF, DDAH2, CD40LG, HSPA12B, KNG1, STAB1, MUL1, SOCS3, TST, MBTPS1, LDLR, BBC3, NLRP1, OLFM4, RAMP2, LILRB2, TNFSF13B, SARM1, P2RX2, PDCD4, NOX1, AAK1, TXNIP, SIGLEC9, NBEAL2, TLK1, ANP32B, RAMP1, IL36A, NR1I3, CAMKK2, PDPN, TLR6, ABRAXAS2, RRS1, FARP2, CILK1, CTCF, NAAA, SULF1, SIGMAR1, IL17C, TRIM22, CXCR6, CD2AP, NR1H4, EBI3, MICU1, IL17RA, CADM1, STK38, SLC9A6, GPR182, IL24, BCL2L10, SMC4, SH3BP4, LILRB3, UBAC1, NR1H3, CORO1A, LPAR3, EDIL3, ESM1, BCAP31, LRPPRC, DDAH1, DLC1, NOD1, RASGRP1, GCA, TNFAIP8, PUF60, SYNCRIP, HDAC5, RIDA, ACAD8, FOXD3, FGF21, TRAF3IP2, FBXO3, PRG4, ATG7, DAPK2, HCST, SENP6, SETBP1, KAT5, SPATS2L, RALBP1, PRDX3, MGLL, SUMF2, SDS, CALCRL, PSME3, ARIH1, MPHOSPH6, A2M, SGSM3, MIR19A, IL31, MIR130B, MIR140, MIR141, MIR148A, MIR152, MIR181A2, MIR184, MIR187, MIR191, MIR199B, MIR200A, MIR34A, MIR210, MIR211, MIR216A, MIR23A, MIR27A, MIR27B, MIR29A, MIR29B1, MIR29B2, MIR30A, MIR30E, ASPG, NDUFS7, PWAR4, IRGM, BPIFA2, CTCFL, RSS, OR2AG1, PTGR2, IL34, CD300LF, IL23R, PLB1, RMDN2, MARCHF10, OXER1, SGMS2, MCEMP1, NRK, GPRC6A, IPMK, MRGPRX1, OR10A4, CLEC4D, STING1, TREML1, COL6A4P1, MIR31, MIR7-1, MAGEC3, PGR-AS1, CDKN2B-AS1, ZGLP1, MIR300, MIR874, MIR297, CD24, MIR1260A, MIR3165, TMX2-CTNND1, P2RX5-TAX1BP3, MIR4772, MIR6835, MIR7-2, MIR7110, THRIL, CBSL, LOC102725035, ERICD, NKILA, LARP1BP2, RNU6-392P, LOC107987462, H3P24, H3P47, TLX1NB, ACOD1, SFTPA2, HULC, MIR7-3, MIR98, VN1R17P, ZFAS1, GPR166P, MIR335, MIR346, MIR370, LNCR1, MIR375, H4C15, HNP1, MIR146B, MIR494, MIR495, MIR499A, MIR505, MIR483, UCA1, SFTPA1, PPAN-P2RY11, MIR590, DEFA1B, FUNDC1, GPR151, IGHV1-69, IL26, EGLN1, UGT1A1, TRPM4, DYM, TENT5C, TUG1, ANO1, RMDN3, SPTLC3, SYBU, IFT122, ADCY10, RPTOR, SELENOS, HDAC8, PBK, TRPV5, PPAN, DUSP22, FAM20C, ACKR3, AGTRAP, PNPLA2, ZNFX1, TOLLIP, MIEF1, CYTL1, SUFU, DLL1, HIPK2, SENP1, IL19, ADGRE2, TAX1BP3, NOX4, AK3, SOST, TMED5, ASCC1, GLRX2, RMDN1, SDF4, ZNF580, PLEKHO1, HSPA14, CRBN, TLR8, SLC25A37, PLAC8, ISYNA1, GDE1, MTA3, CFAP97, TNFAIP8L1, C1QTNF1, SYVN1, IL1F10, MFSD2A, SYS1, MYLK3, TIMD4, G6PC3, NAPRT, PPP1R14A, PRRT2, CMTM7, C1QTNF3, NLRC4, FBXO32, TNFRSF13C, IL22RA2, SLC18B1, MRGPRX3, MRGPRX4, SLC16A10, LRRK2, H4-16, MTFMT, CD300LB, TCHP, CRISPLD2, JAM3, VOPP1, IL21, LGR6, GAS5, SLC39A8, TINAGL1, ZDHHC6, CLEC7A, CDK15, MARCKSL1, AACS, COLEC11, MAPKAP1, GIT2, EFHD2, MMEL1, CORO7, NLRX1, EHMT1, ADM2, TNIP3, ZC3H12A, WDR26, COL18A1, LILRA6, SLC7A2, HDAC4, SMAD3, GAST, FUT4, ACKR1, GALNS, GATA3, GBP2, GDNF, GEM, GJA4, GLUL, GPR15, GPR18, GPR42, GRK5, GPX3, GPX4, GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRP, GRPR, GSK3B, GSR, GZMK, HABP2, FTH1, FSHMD1A, FPR1, FABP4, ENG, EPHB2, EPO, ERBB4, ESRRB, ETS2, EXTL3, F8, F9, F10, F13A1, FABP3, FOSL2, ACSL1, ACSL4, PTK2B, FCN1, FCN2, FGFR1, FH, FOXO3, FLI1, FLII, FLNA, HCRT, HDAC2, NRG1, KIR3DS1, ITGA3, ITGAX, ITGB3, ITGB4, ITGB5, ITPR3, KCNJ5, KCNJ8, KCNMA1, KDR, KIR3DL1, KLKB1, IRF6, KLRC1, KPNA1, TNPO1, KRT18, LAMP1, LAMC2, LIPE, LPA, LRPAP1, CYP4F3, LY6E, ITGA2B, IRF3, HLA-B, IFNAR1, HMGCR, HMGA1, TLX2, HPRT1, HSD11B2, HSPA5, HSPB1, HSPE1, IAPP, IFI27, IFN1@, IFNAR2, IRF1, IGFBP6, IGFBP7, CCN1, IGHG3, IL3RA, IL6ST, IL7R, IL9, IL10RA, IL12RB1, IREB2, MARK2, ELAVL2, EIF4EBP1, BCL6, FASLG, AQP2, AQP4, AQP9, ARRB2, ASS1, ATF3, ATP1A3, ATP2A1, BCKDHA, CCND1, PRDM1, AQP8, BLVRA, BRS3, BTK, BUB1, BYSL, TSPO, SERPING1, CALR, CASP5, CASP8, CD3D, APOH, APOC1, CD27, AFP, ABO, ACAT1, ACR, ACP3, ACTA1, PARP1, ADRA1A, ADRA2B, ADRB2, ADRB3, AFA, JAG1, APOB, AGT, AGTR1, AGTR2, AIF1, AKR1B1, ALOX12, ALOX15, AMH, AMPD1, AOAH, APC, CD247, CD28, EPHA2, NQO1, CCN2, CTSG, CTSZ, CX3CR1, CYP1A2, CYP2C8, ECI1, DCR, DDT, DEFA1, DHCR24, DIO1, CSRP2, DLD, DNASE1, DPEP1, SLC26A3, RCAN1, DUSP3, DUSP6, EDA, S1PR1, EDNRB, EGR1, CSTB, CSE1L, CD34, ACKR2, CD40, CD44, CDH5, CDK9, CDKN1C, CETN1, CGA, CHIT1, CHRM3, CISH, CCR5, CNR1, CS, COMP, MAP3K8, COX5B, CP, CPB1, CPN1, CR1, CREB1, CREBBP, CRIP2, CRMP1, LYZ, MAS1, BCAR1, MAT1A, TRAF6, HSP90B2P, TSC2, TYK2, UBA1, UCHL1, UCP1, UPP1, UQCRFS1, UTRN, UVRAG, VTN, XBP1, XPO1, YY1, YWHAZ, ZAP70, ZFP36, DNALI1, IL1R2, SCG2, NELFE, PLA2G7, TFPI2, GLRA3, HSP90B1, TOP2A, TOP1, STXBP3, SLC22A1, SLPI, SMS, SOX10, SPN, SPOCK1, SST, SSTR1, SSTR4, ST2, SULT1E1, TAPBP, CLDN5, TCF21, TRBV20OR9-2, PRDX2, TEAD4, TERF2, TERT, TFDP1, TFRC, TH, THBS1, TIMP2, HMGA2, TAM, H4C9, XPR1, CFLAR, PROM1, ARHGEF7, MBD2, WASL, F2RL3, MAP3K14, NMI, P2RX6, PCSK7, LPAR2, IL32, IL18RAP, GPR55, S1PR2, KLF4, TMPRSS11D, NTN1, GSTO1, PICK1, ATG5, TBPL1, GOSR1, CIR1, NRP1, TNFRSF11A, FZD4, ULK1, H4C1, H4C4, H4C6, H4C12, H4C11, H4C3, H4C8, H4C2, H4C5, H4C13, H4C14, ST11, RAB11A, CAMK1, LGR5, MAPKAPK5, DENR, EIF3B, MARCO, TNK1, RIPK1, CRADD, TNFSF10, ADAM15, SLC16A2, SLC15A1, ABCF1, P2RY11, NPPB, NPPC, NPR3, YBX1, NT5E, NTS, NR4A2, P2RX1, P2RX3, P2RX5, P2RY2, PAEP, NID1, PRDX1, PAWR, PBX3, PCSK1, CDK16, PDE4D, PDR, SERPINF1, ABCB1, SERPINA1, PIN1, NPHS1, NHS, PKD1, MPZ, MC1R, MCL1, CD46, MDK, MDM2, ATXN3, MMP2, MMP3, MMP14, MMP16, MPST, MSMB, NFE2, MSN, MST1, MT2A, COX1, MTHFR, MTTP, MUC2, NCAM1, NDUFS3, NEDD4, NFATC3, PITX3, PLA2G4A, SLC5A4, S100A12, OPN1LW, REL, REN, RFC1, RNASE1, RPL4, RPL9, RPS6KA3, RRBP1, RYR1, RYR2, ATXN7, KDM5A, SCN1A, SCN10A, CCL4, SEA, SELL, SFRP1, SFTPB, ITSN1, SLC2A4, SLC5A1, SLC5A2, RBP4, RAB1A, PLCG1, PRKACG, PLTP, PLXNB1, PNOC, POR, POU2F1, PPIA, PPP1R1A, PTPA, PRF1, PRH1, PRH2, PRKCD, PVT1, MAP2K3, PSPN, PROS1, MASP1, PSAP, PSMD10, PSPH, PTPN1, PTPN11, PTPRC, PVR, H3P40

Common Green Bottle Fly Wikipedia

Mate detection [ edit ] Males are able to recognize potential mates by the frequency at which the light from their iridescent bodies glints through their wings, using the fast and precise visual processing that many flies rely upon for their manoeuverability and agility in flight.

Polyploidy Wikipedia

The mechanism by which the genome is accurately restored involves RecA-mediated homologous recombination and a process referred to as extended synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) . [89] Azotobacter vinelandii can contain up to 80 chromosome copies per cell. [90] However this is only observed in fast growing cultures, whereas cultures grown in synthetic minimal media are not polyploid. [91] Archaea [ edit ] The archaeon Halobacterium salinarium is polyploid [92] and, like Deinococcus radiodurans , is highly resistant to X-ray irradiation and desiccation, conditions that induce DNA double-strand breaks. [93] Although chromosomes are shattered into many fragments, complete chromosomes can be regenerated by making use of overlapping fragments.

CHEK1, H2AX, TP53, FZR1

Phobia Wikipedia

For instance, when a child sees a parent reacting fearfully to an animal, the child can become afraid of the animal as well. [15] Through observational learning, humans can to learn to fear potentially dangerous objects—a reaction also observed in other primates. [16] In a study focusing on non-human primates, results showed that the primates learned to fear snakes at a fast rate after observing parents’ fearful reactions. [16] An increase of fearful behaviours was observed as the non-human primates continued to observe their parents’ fearful reaction. [16] Even though observational learning has been proven effective in creating reactions of fear and phobias, it has also been shown that by physically experiencing an event, chances increase of fearful and phobic behaviours. [16] In some cases, physically experiencing an event may increase the fear and phobia more so than observing a fearful reaction of another human or non-human primate.

PRL, CAT, TAL1, SCLY, KRT7, SLC6A4, BDNF, COMT, ABO, MME, SLC6A2, ARHGAP44, MED12, EBPL, FOXP2, ASPM, LEP, ESR2, FKBP5, ADCYAP1R1, ESR1, ELK3, CRP, CRH, SLC25A20, CACNA1E, CA2, ARRB2, AR, ADORA2A, LOC110806262

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Wikipedia

Find sources: "Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( October 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Symptoms: Paroxysmal —appears suddenly, and in episodes of short duration: lasts only seconds to minutes Positional—is induced by a change in position, even slight Vertigo —a spinning dizziness, which must have a rotational component Torsional nystagmus —a diagnostic symptom where the top of the eye rotates toward the affected ear in a beating or twitching fashion, which has a latency and can be fatigued (vertigo should lessen with deliberate repetition of the provoking maneuver): nystagmus should only last for 30 seconds to one minute Pre-syncope —(feeling faint) or syncope (fainting) is unusual, but possible Visual disturbance—due to associated nystagmus , making it difficult to read or see during an attack Nausea —is often associated Vomiting —is common, depending on the strength of vertigo itself and the causes for this illness Many people will report a history of vertigo as a result of fast head movements. Many are also capable of describing the exact head movements that provoke their vertigo.

SIRT1, ALB, BGLAP, CACNA1A, COL1A2, DPYD, FGA, MIF, PPARG, SRM, TP53, PPARGC1A, OTOL1, PPARGC1B, MIR34A, OC90

Test Anxiety Wikipedia

'when I take tests, my heart beats fast'), and off-task behaviours concerning nervous habits and distracting behaviours (i.e.

SLC6A4

Porphyria Wikipedia

Pronunciation / p ɔːr ˈ f ɪr i ə / or / p ɔːr ˈ f aɪ r i ə / Specialty Hematology , dermatology , neurology Symptoms Depending on subtype— abdominal pain , chest pain , vomiting , confusion, constipation , fever , seizures , blisters with sunlight [1] [2] Usual onset Recurrent attacks that last days to weeks [2] Causes Usually genetic [2] Diagnostic method Blood, urine, and stool tests, genetic testing [2] Differential diagnosis Lead poisoning , alcoholic liver disease [3] Treatment Depends on type and symptoms [2] Frequency 1 to 100 in 50,000 people [1] Porphyria is a group of liver disorders in which substances called porphyrins build up in the body, negatively affecting the skin or nervous system . [1] The types that affect the nervous system are also known as acute porphyria, as symptoms are rapid in onset and short in duration. [1] Symptoms of an attack include abdominal pain , chest pain , vomiting , confusion, constipation , fever , high blood pressure , and high heart rate . [1] [2] [4] The attacks usually last for days to weeks. [2] Complications may include paralysis , low blood sodium levels , and seizures . [4] Attacks may be triggered by alcohol , smoking , hormonal changes, fasting, stress, or certain medications. [2] [4] If the skin is affected, blisters or itching may occur with sunlight exposure. [2] Most types of porphyria are inherited from one or both of a person's parents and are due to a mutation in one of the genes that make heme . [2] They may be inherited in an autosomal dominant , autosomal recessive , or X-linked dominant manner. [1] One type, porphyria cutanea tarda , may also be due to increased iron in the liver , hepatitis C , alcohol, or HIV/AIDS . [1] The underlying mechanism results in a decrease in the amount of heme produced and a build-up of substances involved in making heme. [1] Porphyrias may also be classified by whether the liver or bone marrow is affected. [1] Diagnosis is typically made by blood, urine, and stool tests. [2] Genetic testing may be done to determine the specific mutation. [2] Treatment depends on the type of porphyria and the person's symptoms. [2] Treatment of porphyria of the skin generally involves the avoidance of sunlight, while treatment for acute porphyria may involve giving intravenous heme or a glucose solution. [2] Rarely, a liver transplant may be carried out. [2] The precise prevalence of porphyria is unclear, but it is estimated to affect between 1 and 100 per 50,000 people. [1] Rates are different around the world. [2] Porphyria cutanea tarda is believed to be the most common type. [1] The disease was described as early as 370 BC by Hippocrates . [5] The underlying mechanism was first described by German physiologist and chemist Felix Hoppe-Seyler in 1871. [5] The name porphyria is from the Greek πορφύρα, porphyra , meaning " purple ", a reference to the color of the urine that may be present during an attack. [5] Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 1.1 Acute porphyrias 1.2 Chronic porphyrias 2 Cause 2.1 Genetics 2.2 Triggers 3 Pathogenesis 4 Diagnosis 4.1 Porphyrin studies 4.2 Additional tests 5 Management 5.1 Acute porphyria 5.1.1 Carbohydrate administration 5.1.2 Heme analogs 5.1.3 Cimetidine 5.1.4 Symptom control 5.1.5 Early identification 5.1.6 Neurologic and psychiatric disorders 5.1.7 Underlying liver disease 5.1.8 Hormone treatment 5.2 Erythropoietic porphyria 6 Epidemiology 7 History 7.1 Vampires and werewolves 7.2 Notable cases 8 References 9 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] This section needs additional citations for verification .

Dyscalculia Wikipedia

Dyscalculics can have problems determining differences in different coins and their size or giving the correct amount of change and if numbers are grouped together, it is possible that they cannot determine which has less or more. [22] If a dyscalculic is asked to choose the greater of two numbers, with the lesser number in a larger font than the greater number, they may take the question literally and pick the number with the bigger font. [23] Adults with dyscalculia have a tough time with directions while driving and with controlling their finances, which causes difficulties on a day-to-day basis. [24] College students or other adult learners [ edit ] College students particularly may have a tougher time due to the fast pace and change in difficulty of the work they are given.

VCP, CACNA1A, C9orf72, TMEM106B, TREM2, TBK1, CHMP2B, TARDBP, PNKP, SQSTM1, CHCHD10, SRY, PSEN1, MAPT, HNRNPA2B1, HNRNPA1, GRN, FUS, TERT, APP

Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome Wikipedia

However, if the shooter is shooting very fast, then the time to first death is very short and frequency of death is high, equivalent to the very short time to first abortions and high frequency of abortions when caterpillar exposure is unusually high, as happened in Kentucky in 2001 (or if the experimental dose of caterpillars is high).

Anxiety Disorder Wikipedia

Cognitive disorder with an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations Anxiety disorder The Scream (Norwegian: Skrik ) a painting by Norwegian artist Edvard Munch [1] Specialty Psychiatry , clinical psychology Symptoms Worrying, fast heart rate , shakiness [2] Complications Depression , trouble sleeping , poor quality of life, suicide [3] Usual onset 15–35 years old [4] Duration > 6 months [2] [4] Causes Genetic and environmental factors [5] Risk factors Child abuse , family history, poverty [4] Diagnostic method psychological assessment Differential diagnosis Hyperthyroidism ; heart disease ; caffeine , alcohol , cannabis use; withdrawal from certain drugs [4] [6] Treatment Lifestyle changes, counselling , medications [4] Medication Antidepressants , anxiolytics , beta blockers [5] Frequency 12% per year [4] [7] Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear . [2] Anxiety is a worry about future events, while fear is a reaction to current events. [2] These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as increased heart rate and shakiness. [2] There are several anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder , specific phobia , social anxiety disorder , separation anxiety disorder , agoraphobia , panic disorder , and selective mutism . [2] The disorder differs by what results in the symptoms. [2] An individual may have more than one anxiety disorder. [2] The cause of anxiety disorders is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. [5] Risk factors include a history of child abuse, family history of mental disorders, and poverty . [4] Anxiety disorders often occur with other mental disorders, particularly major depressive disorder , personality disorder , and substance use disorder . [4] To be diagnosed, symptoms typically need to be present for at least 6 months, be more than what would be expected for the situation, and decrease a person's ability to function in their daily life. [2] [4] Other problems that may result in similar symptoms include hyperthyroidism ; heart disease; caffeine, alcohol, or cannabis use; and withdrawal from certain drugs, among others. [4] [6] Anxiety disorders differ from normal fear or anxiety by being excessive or persisting. [2] Without treatment, anxiety disorders tend to remain. [2] [5] Treatment may include lifestyle changes, counselling , and medications. [4] Cognitive behavioral therapy is one of the most common counselling techniques used in treatment of anxiety disorders. [4] Medications, such as antidepressants , benzodiazepines , or beta blockers , may improve symptoms. [5] About 12% of people are affected by an anxiety disorder in a given year, and between 5% and 30% are affected over a lifetime. [4] [7] They occur in females about twice as often as in males and generally begin before age 25. [2] [4] The most common are specific phobias, which affect nearly 12%, and social anxiety disorder, which affects 10%. [4] Phobias mainly affect people between the ages of 15 and 35, and become less common after age 55. [4] Rates appear to be higher in the United States and Europe than in other parts of the world. [4] Contents 1 Classification 1.1 Generalized anxiety disorder 1.2 Specific phobias 1.3 Panic disorder 1.4 Agoraphobia 1.5 Social anxiety disorder 1.6 Post-traumatic stress disorder 1.7 Separation anxiety disorder 1.8 Situational anxiety 1.9 Obsessive–compulsive disorder 1.10 Selective mutism 2 Causes 2.1 Drugs 2.2 Medical conditions 2.3 Stress 2.4 Genetics 2.4.1 Persistence of anxiety 2.4.2 Evolutionary mismatch 3 Mechanisms 3.1 Biological 3.1.1 Amygdala 4 Diagnosis 4.1 Differential diagnosis 5 Prevention 6 Treatment 6.1 Lifestyle and diet 6.2 Therapy 6.3 Medications 6.4 Alternative medicine 6.5 Children 7 Prognosis 8 Epidemiology 9 See also 10 References 11 External links Classification [ edit ] Facial expression of someone with chronic anxiety Generalized anxiety disorder [ edit ] Main article: Generalized anxiety disorder Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common disorder, characterized by long-lasting anxiety which is not focused on any one object or situation.

Opioid Use Disorder Wikipedia

Any such disorder causes significant impairment or distress. [3] Signs of the disorder include a strong desire to use opioids, increased tolerance to opioids, difficulty fulfilling obligations, trouble reducing use, and withdrawal symptoms with discontinuation. [4] [5] Opioid withdrawal symptoms may include nausea, muscle aches, diarrhea, trouble sleeping, agitation, and a low mood. [5] Addiction and dependence are components of a substance use disorder. [13] Complications may include opioid overdose , suicide , HIV/AIDS , hepatitis C , and problems at school, work, or home. [4] [5] Opioids include substances such as heroin , morphine , fentanyl , codeine , dihydrocodeine , oxycodone , and hydrocodone . [5] [6] In the United States, a majority of heroin users begin by using prescription opioids, that may also be bought illegally. [14] [15] Risk factors for misuse include a history of substance use, substance use among family and friends, mental illness, low socioeconomic status, and race. [16] [17] Diagnosis may be based on criteria by the American Psychiatric Association in the DSM-5 . [4] If more than two of eleven criteria are present during a year, the diagnosis is said to be present. [4] If a person is appropriately taking opioids for a medical condition, issues of tolerance and withdrawal do not apply. [4] Individuals with an opioid use disorder are often treated with opioid replacement therapy using methadone or buprenorphine . [7] Being on such treatment reduces the risk of death. [7] Additionally, individuals may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy , other forms of support from mental health professionals such as individual or group therapy, twelve-step programs , and other peer support programs. [8] The medication naltrexone may also be useful to prevent relapse. [10] Naloxone is useful for treating an opioid overdose and giving those at risk naloxone to take home is beneficial. [9] In 2013, opioid use disorders affected about 0.4% of people. [4] As of 2016, about 27 million people are affected. [11] Long term opioid use occurs in about 4% of people following their use for trauma or surgery related pain. [18] Onset is often in young adulthood. [4] Males are affected more often than females. [4] It resulted in 122,000 deaths worldwide in 2015, [12] up from 18,000 deaths in 1990. [19] In the United States during 2016, there were more than 42,000 deaths due to opioid overdose, of which more than 15,000 were the result of heroin use. [20] Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 1.1 Withdrawal 1.2 Opioid intoxication 1.3 Opioid overdose 2 Cause 3 Mechanism 3.1 Addiction 3.2 Dependence 3.3 Opioid receptors 3.3.1 118A>G variant 3.3.2 Non-opioid receptor genes 4 Diagnosis 5 Prevention 5.1 Opioid related deaths 6 Management 6.1 Medications 6.1.1 Methadone 6.1.2 Buprenorphine 6.1.3 Other opioids 6.1.4 Naltrexone 6.2 Behavioral therapy 6.2.1 Cognitive behavioral therapy 6.2.2 Twelve-step programs 6.2.3 Digital care programs 7 Epidemiology 7.1 United States 8 History 9 See also 10 References 11 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Material used for intravenous injection of opioids Signs and symptoms include: [4] [5] Drug seeking behavior Increased use over time Legal or social ramifications secondary to drug use Multiple prescriptions from different providers Multiple medical complications from drug use ( HIV/AIDS , hospitalizations, abscesses ) Opioid cravings Withdrawal symptoms Addiction and dependence are components of a substance use disorder and addiction represents the more severe form. [13] Opioid dependence can occur as physical dependence , psychological dependence , or both. [21] Withdrawal [ edit ] Opioid withdrawal can occur with a sudden decrease in, or the cessation of opioids after prolonged use. [22] [23] Onset of withdrawal depends on which opioid was used last. [24] With heroin this typically occurs five hours after use, while with methadone it might not occur until two days later. [24] The length of time that major symptoms occur also depends on the opioid used. [24] For heroin withdrawal, symptoms are typically greatest at two to four days, and can last for up to two weeks. [25] [24] Less significant symptoms may remain for an even longer period, in which case the withdrawal is known as post-acute-withdrawal syndrome . [24] Agitation [4] Anxiety [4] Muscle pains [4] Increased tearing [4] Trouble sleeping [4] Runny nose [4] Sweating [4] Yawning [4] Goose bumps [4] Dilated pupils [4] Diarrhea [4] Fast heart rate [24] High blood pressure [24] Abdominal cramps [24] Shakiness [24] Cravings [24] Sneezing [24] Treatment of withdrawal may include methadone and buprenorphine.

C9, CES1, PENK, TTC9, NAV3, BMPER, RGS2, RGS4, RGS10, DRD1, GHSR, HCRT, IL4, OPRM1, TLR4, PART1

Large-Cell Lung Carcinoma With Rhabdoid Phenotype Wikipedia

., [11] Prognosis [ edit ] LCLC-RP are considered to be especially aggressive tumors with a dismal prognosis. [5] [22] [16] Many published cases have shown short survival times after diagnosis. [17] [35] Some studies suggest that, as the proportion of rhabdoid cells in the tumor increases, the prognosis tends to worsen, [17] although this is most pronounced when the proportion of rhabdoid cells exceeds 5%. [17] With regard to "parent" neoplasms other than LCLC, adenocarcinomas with rhabdoid features have been reported to have worse prognoses than adenocarcinomas without rhabdoid features, [36] although an "adenocarcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype" tumor variant has not been specifically recognized as a distinct entity under the WHO-2004 classification system. [2] There are case reports of rhabdoid carcinomas recurring after unusually long periods, which is unusual for a fast-growing, aggressive tumor type. One report described a very early stage patient whose tumor recurred 6 years after initial treatment. [11] Although rapidly progressive, fulminant courses seem to be the rule in this entity, long-term survival has also been noted, even post-metastectomy in late stage, distant metastatic disease. [23] Epidemiology [ edit ] Although reliable and comprehensive incidence statistics are nonexistent, LCLC-RP is a rare tumor, with only a few hundred cases described in the scientific literature to date. [21] [8] LCLC's made up about 10% of lung cancers in most historical series, [2] [7] [37] [38] equating to approximately 22,000 cases per year in the U.S. [39] Of these LCLC cases, it is estimated that about 1% will eventually develop the rhabdoid phenotype during tumor evolution and progression. [8] In one large series of 902 surgically resected lung cancers, only 3 cases (0.3%) were diagnosed as LCLC-RP.

Child Sex Tourism Wikipedia

Most exploitation of children takes place as a result of their absorption into the adult sex trade where they are exploited by local people and sex tourists. [22] The Internet provides an efficient global networking tool for individuals to share information on destinations and procurement. [22] In cases involving children, the U.S. has relatively strict domestic laws that hold accountable any American citizen or permanent resident of the U.S. who travels abroad for the purpose of engaging in illicit conduct with a minor. [23] However, child pornography, sex tourism and human trafficking remain fast-growing industries. [23] Rep. Chris Smith, R-N.J. recently introduced H.R. 1623, the international Megan's Law .

Ectopic Pregnancy Wikipedia

Specialty Obstetrics and Gynaecology Symptoms Abdominal pain , vaginal bleeding [1] Risk factors Pelvic inflammatory disease , tobacco smoking , prior tubal surgery, history of infertility , use of assisted reproductive technology [2] Diagnostic method Blood tests for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), ultrasound [1] Differential diagnosis Miscarriage , ovarian torsion , acute appendicitis [1] Treatment Methotrexate , surgery [2] Prognosis Mortality 0.2% (developed world), 2% (developing world) [3] Frequency ~1.5% of pregnancies (developed world) [4] Ectopic pregnancy is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus . [4] Signs and symptoms classically include abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding , but fewer than 50 percent of affected women have both of these symptoms. [1] The pain may be described as sharp, dull, or crampy. [1] Pain may also spread to the shoulder if bleeding into the abdomen has occurred. [1] Severe bleeding may result in a fast heart rate , fainting , or shock . [4] [1] With very rare exceptions the fetus is unable to survive. [5] Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy include pelvic inflammatory disease , often due to chlamydia infection ; tobacco smoking ; prior tubal surgery; a history of infertility ; and the use of assisted reproductive technology . [2] Those who have previously had an ectopic pregnancy are at much higher risk of having another one. [2] Most ectopic pregnancies (90%) occur in the fallopian tube , which are known as tubal pregnancies, [2] but implantation can also occur on the cervix , ovaries , cesarean scar, or within the abdomen . [1] Detection of ectopic pregnancy is typically by blood tests for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and ultrasound . [1] This may require testing on more than one occasion. [1] Ultrasound works best when performed from within the vagina . [1] Other causes of similar symptoms include: miscarriage , ovarian torsion , and acute appendicitis . [1] Prevention is by decreasing risk factors such as chlamydia infections through screening and treatment. [6] While some ectopic pregnancies will resolve without treatment, this approach has not been well studied as of 2014. [2] The use of the medication methotrexate works as well as surgery in some cases. [2] Specifically it works well when the beta-HCG is low and the size of the ectopic is small. [2] Surgery is still typically recommended if the tube has ruptured, there is a fetal heartbeat, or the person's vital signs are unstable. [2] The surgery may be laparoscopic or through a larger incision, known as a laparotomy . [4] Maternal morbidity and mortality are reduced with treatment. [2] The rate of ectopic pregnancy is about 1% and 2% that of live births in developed countries, though it may be as high as 4% among those using assisted reproductive technology . [4] It is the most common cause of death among women during the first trimester at approximately 10% of the total. [2] In the developed world outcomes have improved while in the developing world they often remain poor. [6] The risk of death among those in the developed world is between 0.1 and 0.3 percent while in the developing world it is between one and three percent. [3] The first known description of an ectopic pregnancy is by Al-Zahrawi in the 11th century. [6] The word "ectopic" means "out of place". [7] Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 1.1 Complications 2 Causes 2.1 Tube damage 2.2 Other 3 Diagnosis 3.1 Transvaginal ultrasonography 3.2 Ultrasonography and β-hCG 3.3 Other methods 3.3.1 Direct examination 3.3.2 Culdocentesis 3.3.3 Progesterone levels 3.3.4 Mathematical models 3.3.5 Dilation and curettage 3.4 Classification 3.4.1 Tubal pregnancy 3.4.2 Nontubal ectopic pregnancy 3.4.3 Heterotopic pregnancy 3.4.4 Persistent ectopic pregnancy 3.4.5 Pregnancy of unknown location 3.5 Differential diagnosis 4 Treatment 4.1 Expectant management 4.2 Medical 4.3 Surgery 5 Prognosis 5.1 Future fertility 6 Epidemiology 7 Society and culture 8 Live birth 9 Other animals 10 References 11 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Ectopic pregnancy.

CRISP3, DNAAF2, CFAP298, TTC25, DNAL1, RSPH3, CFAP300, CCDC65, RSPH1, DRC1, CCDC114, LRRC56, CCDC151, DNAAF1, PIH1D3, DNAAF4, RSPH9, GAS2L2, CCDC39, MCIDAS, RSPH4A, DNAAF3, DNAJB13, DNAI2, CCDC103, DNAH5, DNAH1, GAS8, RPGR, SPAG1, OFD1, DNAH11, ARMC4, LRRC6, CCNO, DNAI1, STK36, NME8, ZMYND10, HYDIN, DNAAF5, CCDC40, VEGFA, TRO, MUC1, LIF, HOXA11, CNR1