Flaccid paralysis Pronunciation / ˈ f l æ k s ɪ d p ə ˈ r æ l ə s ɪ s / Specialty Neurology Flaccid paralysis is a neurological condition characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma ). [1] This abnormal condition may be caused by disease or by trauma affecting the nerves associated with the involved muscles. ... This includes collection of two stool samples within fourteen days of onset of paralysis and identification of virus, and control of the outbreak and strengthening immunization in that area. [ citation needed ] Historical records from the 1950s, modern CDC reports, and recent analysis of patterns in India suggest that flaccid paralysis may be caused in some cases by oral polio vaccinations. [8] [9] [10] Venomous snakes that contain neurotoxic venom such as kraits , mambas , and cobras can also cause complete flaccid paralysis. [11] Some chemical warfare nerve agents such as VX can also cause complete flaccid paralysis. [12] References [ edit ] ^ Alberta Government Health and Wellness (2005) Acute Flaccid Paralysis Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines. ^ a b c Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. ... Saeed M, Zaidi SZ, Naeem A, Masroor M, Sharif S, Shaukat S, Angez M, Khan A (2007).

PMID 11195528 . ^ Abeles, V, Harrus, S, Angles, JM, Shalev, G, Aizenberg, I, Peres, Y and Aroch, I. (1999). ... CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) ^ Baumgartner, W., Boyce, RW, Aldinger, S, Axtheim, MK, Weisbrode, SE, Krakowka, S and Gaedke, K. (1995). ... CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) ^ Baumgärtner W, Boyce RW, Weisbrode SE, Aldinger S, Axthelm MK, Krakowka S (1995). "Histologic and immunocytochemical characterization of canine distemper-associated metaphyseal bone lesions in young dogs following experimental infection" . ... ISBN 0-7216-6795-3 . ^ Abeles V, Harrus S, Angles JM, et al. (1999). "Hypertrophic osteodystrophy in six weimaraner puppies associated with systemic signs".

Description Congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy (CHN) is characterized clinically by onset of hypotonia at birth, areflexia, distal muscle weakness, and very slow nerve conduction velocities (often less than 10 m/s). Warner et al. (1997, 1998) noted that pathologic findings on sural nerve biopsies show hypomyelination of most or all fibers. ... These differences in outcome may represent genetic heterogeneity such that mutations in essential early myelin gene(s) cause a severe phenotype, whereas mutations in other, possibly later acting gene(s), such as MPZ, lead to a less severe outcome. ... Electrophysiologic studies showed absent sensory responses and extremely low or absent compound muscle action potentials with absent or very low nerve conduction velocities (3 m/s). Sural nerve biopsies showed absence of myelin in virtually all fibers. ... Conduction velocities were markedly slowed at less than 8 m/s. Light microscopic and enzyme histochemical analysis of a sural nerve biopsy showed profound absence or loss of myelin in virtually all axons and only 2 or 3 normally myelinated axons within the entire cross-section of the nerve. ... INHERITANCE - Autosomal recessive - Autosomal dominant (in 1 patient) RESPIRATORY - Respiratory insufficiency due to neuropathy NEUROLOGIC Peripheral Nervous System - Neonatal hypotonia - Delayed motor development - Distal limb muscle weakness due to peripheral neuropathy - Distal limb muscle atrophy due to peripheral neuropathy - Areflexia - Cranial nerve involvement - Severely decreased motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV) (as low as 3 m/s) - Rare 'onion bulb' formations on nerve biopsy - Severe hypomyelination on nerve biopsy MISCELLANEOUS - Onset at birth - Usually begins in feet and legs (peroneal distribution) - Upper limb involvement may occur later - One patient with sporadic occurrence (autosomal dominant) and a de novo mutation has been reported MOLECULAR BASIS - Caused by mutation in the early growth response-2 gene (EGR2, 129010.0001 ) ▲ Close

.; Camadro, J. M.; Flamme, M.; Rose, C.; Lyoumi, S.; Da Silva, V.; Boileau, C.; Grandchamp, B.; Beaumont, C.; Deybach, J. ... PMID 16159891 . ^ Hasanoglu, A.; Balwani, M.; Kasapkara, Ç. D. S.; Ezgü, F. S.; Okur, İ.; Tümer, L.; Cakmak, A.; Nazarenko, I.; Yu, C.; Clavero, S.; Bishop, D. ... Annals of Internal Medicine . 142 (6): 439–450. doi : 10.7326/0003-4819-142-6-200503150-00010 . PMID 15767622 . ^ Ratnaike, S.; Blake, D. (1995). "The diagnosis and follow-up of porphyria". ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : E80.2 ( ILDS E80.222) ICD - 9-CM : 277.1 OMIM : 121300 MeSH : D046349 DiseasesDB : 30591 External resources eMedicine : med/1888 Porphyria at NLM Genetics Home Reference Coproporphyria at NIH 's Office of Rare Diseases MedlinePlus Encyclopedia : Porphyria v t e Heme metabolism disorders Porphyria , hepatic and erythropoietic ( porphyrin ) early mitochondrial: ALAD porphyria Acute intermittent porphyria cytoplasmic: Gunther disease/congenital erythropoietic porphyria Porphyria cutanea tarda / Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria late mitochondrial: Hereditary coproporphyria Harderoporphyria Variegate porphyria Erythropoietic protoporphyria Hereditary hyperbilirubinemia ( bilirubin ) unconjugated: Gilbert's syndrome Crigler–Najjar syndrome Lucey–Driscoll syndrome conjugated: Dubin–Johnson syndrome nd sheet Rotor syndrome

See also [ edit ] Co-rumination Obsessive–compulsive disorder Ovsiankina effect Perseverative cognition Footnotes [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f Nolen-Hoeksema, S.; Wisco, B. E.; Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). ... Cognition and Emotion . 7 (6): 561–570. doi : 10.1080/02699939308409206 . ^ Nolen-Hoeksema, S.; Parker, L. E.; Larson, J. (1994). ... "Rumination, Depression, and Metacognition: The S-REF Model". In Papageorgiou, Costas; Wells, Adrian (eds.). ... ISBN 9780470713853 . ^ Lyubomirsky, S.; Kasri, F.; Zehm, K. (2003). "Dysphoric rumination impairs concentration on academic tasks". ... S2CID 14689415 . ^ Nolen-Hoeksema, S (1987). "Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory" .

., 2002 Saunders, p. 2332. ^ Medina C, Vilaseca J, Videla S, Fabra R, Armengol-Miro J, Malagelada J (2004). ... PMID 11432300 . ^ a b c d Huguier M, Barrier A, Boelle PY, Houry S, Lacaine F (2006). "Ischemic colitis". ... Surg Clin North Am . 77 (2): 289–306. doi : 10.1016/S0039-6109(05)70549-1 . PMID 9146713 . ^ Brandt L, Boley S, Goldberg L, Mitsudo S, Berman A (September 1981). ... The Journal of Surgical Research . 136 (1): 19–24. doi : 10.1016/j.jss.2006.05.014 . PMID 16978651 . ^ Friedland S, Benaron D, Coogan S, et al. (2007). ... PMID 15402790 . ^ Plonka A, Schentag J, Messinger S, Adelman M, Francis K, Williams J (1989).

ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1 . ^ Perbet, S.; Salavert, M.; Amarger, S.; Constantin, J.

Future studies will also show if the use of tobacco exaggerates the pigmentation of skin. Gallery [ edit ] Possible smoker´s melanosis. Discoloured skin on finger. ... PMID 6200593 Melanocytes in basal cells of a smoker´s gum. Melanin granules in the basal epithelium under light microscope Smoker´s melanosis in upper and lower gums. ... Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 117:708-712. ^ Cordes S, Halum S, Hansen L: Laryngeal melanosis. ... Addiction 1999; 94:417-423. ^ a b Sridharan S, Ganiger K, Satyanarayana A, Rahul A, Shetty S: Effect of environmental tobacco smoke from smoker parents on gingival pigmentation in children and young adults: a cross-sectional study. ... J Oral Pathol Med 1992; 21:440 444. ^ Pentenero M, Broccoletti R, Carbone M, Conrotto D, Gandolfo S: The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in adults from the Turin area.

Diagnostic Histopathology . 21 (4): 147–151. doi : 10.1016/j.mpdhp.2015.04.006 . ^ Gupta, S; Provenzale, D; Llor, X; Halverson, AL; Grady, W; Chung, DC; Haraldsdottir, S; Markowitz, AJ; Slavin TP, Jr; Hampel, H; CGC.; Ness, RM; Weiss, JM; Ahnen, DJ; Chen, LM; Cooper, G; Early, DS; Giardiello, FM; Hall, MJ; Hamilton, SR; Kanth, P; Klapman, JB; Lazenby, AJ; Lynch, PM; Mayer, RJ; Mikkelson, J; CGC.; Peter, S; Regenbogen, SE; Dwyer, MA; CGC.; Ogba, N (1 September 2019).

The infection rate declined significantly. [4] Etymology and pronunciation [ edit ] The word metritis ( / m ə ˈ t r aɪ t ɪ s / or / m i ˈ t r aɪ t ɪ s / ) uses combining forms of metr- + -itis , yielding "uterus inflammation". ... Biology of Reproduction December 1, 2009 vol. 81 no. 6 1025-1032 Archived June 1, 2012, at the Wayback Machine ^ The Merck Veterinary Manual, "Metritis and Endometritis" ^ Vinícius Silva Machado, Marcela Luccas de Souza Bicalho u. a.: Subcutaneous Immunization with Inactivated Bacterial Components and Purified Protein of Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Trueperella pyogenes Prevents Puerperal Metritis in Holstein Dairy Cows. In: PLoS ONE. 9, 2014, S. e91734, doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0091734 .

PMID 26352305 . ^ Kaul, A.; Duffy, S. (1991). "Gerontophilia: A case report". Medicine, Science and the Law . 31 : 110–114. ^ Hammond, S.; Quayle, E.; Kirakowski, J.; O'Halloran, E.; Wynne, F. (2009). ... Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology . 16 (1): 127–138. doi : 10.1080/14789940412331290076 . ^ Milner, Joel S.; Dopke, Cynthia A.; Crouch, Julie L. (2008).

Specialty Ophthalmology A macular Hole A macular hole is a small break in the macula , located in the center of the eye 's light-sensitive tissue called the retina . ... PMID 4716759 . 5. Saurabh K, Roy R, Mishra S, Garg B, Goel S. Multicolor imaging features of dissociated optic nerve fiber layer after internal limiting membrane peeling.

Int J Surg Pathol 24(6):556-561 ^ Wu MK, Vujanic GM, Fahiminiya S, Watanabe N, Thorner PS, O'Sullivan MJ, Fabian MR, Foulkes WD (2017) Anaplastic sarcomas of the kidney are characterized by DICER1 mutations. Mod Pathol ^ Yoshida M, Hamanoue S, Seki M, Tanaka M, Yoshida K, Goto H, Ogawa S, Takita J, Tanaka Y (2016) Metachronous anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney and thyroid follicular carcinoma as manifestations of DICER1 abnormalities.

Lawson; G.J. Platz; M. Dieters; V.N. Arief; S. Germán; S. Fletcher; R.F. Park; D. Singh; S. Pereyra; J. Franckowiak (2011). "Mapping Rph20 : a gene conferring adult plant resistance to Puccinia hordei in barley".

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod . 112 (1): e26–34. doi : 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.02.041 . PMID 21669357 . ^ a b Milchgrub, S.; Gnepp, DR.; Vuitch, F.; Delgado, R.; Albores-Saavedra, J. ... Genes Chromosomes Cancer . 50 (7): 559–70. doi : 10.1002/gcc.20881 . PMID 21484932 . ^ Masilamani, S.; Rao, S.; Chirakkal, P.; Kumar, AR. (2011).

Strychnine is mentioned in Hannah Fury 's song "The Necklace of Marie Antoinette". Tom Lehrer 's song "Poisoning Pigeons in The Park" mentions feeding strychnine to a pigeon. In "Composing" from Boys Night Out 's concept album Trainwreck, The Patient poisons his entire family at the dinner table with strychnine. ... In Hans Scherfig 's novel Stolen Spring , a high school student kills his teacher with a strychnine-tainted malt drop. ... Norman Bates' mother and her lover were killed with strychnine in Alfred Hitchcock 's Psycho (1960). The sheriff comments: "Ugly way to die."

The self in borderline personality disorder: A psychodynamic perspective. In Z. V. Segal, & S. J. Blatt (Eds.), The self in emotional distress: Cognitive and psychodynamic perspectives (pp. 334-368). ... M., Macrae, C. N., Wyland, C. L., Caglar, S., Inati, S., Heatherton, T.F. (2002). ... P., Nowak, M., Kjaer, T. W., Sackeim, H. A., & Lisanby, S. H. (2004). "Parietal cortex and representation of the mental Self". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 101(17), 6827–6832. ^ Stephan Doering, S., Enzi, B., Faber, C., Hinrichs, J., Bahmer, J., and Northoff, G. (2012).

ISBN 978-1-4665-6885-3 . ^ Mas-Coma, S.; Bargues, M.D.; Valero, M.A. (2005). ... PMID 27418285 . v t e Parasitic disease caused by helminthiases Flatworm/ platyhelminth infection Fluke/trematode ( Trematode infection ) Blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni / S. japonicum / S. mekongi / S. haematobium / S. intercalatum Schistosomiasis Trichobilharzia regenti Swimmer's itch Liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis Clonorchiasis Dicrocoelium dendriticum / D. hospes Dicrocoeliasis Fasciola hepatica / F. gigantica Fasciolosis Opisthorchis viverrini / O. felineus Opisthorchiasis Lung fluke Paragonimus westermani / P. kellicotti Paragonimiasis Intestinal fluke Fasciolopsis buski Fasciolopsiasis Metagonimus yokogawai Metagonimiasis Heterophyes heterophyes Heterophyiasis Cestoda ( Tapeworm infection ) Cyclophyllidea Echinococcus granulosus / E. multilocularis Echinococcosis Taenia saginata / T. asiatica / T. solium (pork) Taeniasis / Cysticercosis Hymenolepis nana / H. diminuta Hymenolepiasis Pseudophyllidea Diphyllobothrium latum Diphyllobothriasis Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Sparganosis Diphyllobothrium mansonoides Sparganosis Roundworm/ Nematode infection Secernentea Spiruria Camallanida Dracunculus medinensis Dracunculiasis Spirurida Filarioidea ( Filariasis ) Onchocerca volvulus Onchocerciasis Loa loa Loa loa filariasis Mansonella Mansonelliasis Dirofilaria repens D. immitis Dirofilariasis Wuchereria bancrofti / Brugia malayi / | B. timori Lymphatic filariasis Thelazioidea Gnathostoma spinigerum / G. hispidum Gnathostomiasis Thelazia Thelaziasis Spiruroidea Gongylonema Strongylida ( hookworm ) Hookworm infection Ancylostoma duodenale / A. braziliense Ancylostomiasis / Cutaneous larva migrans Necator americanus Necatoriasis Angiostrongylus cantonensis Angiostrongyliasis Metastrongylus Metastrongylosis Ascaridida Ascaris lumbricoides Ascariasis Anisakis Anisakiasis Toxocara canis / T. cati Visceral larva migrans / Toxocariasis Baylisascaris Dioctophyme renale Dioctophymosis Parascaris equorum Rhabditida Strongyloides stercoralis Strongyloidiasis Trichostrongylus spp.

PMID 11199855 . S2CID 19075125 . Mas-Coma S, Bargues MD, Valero MA (2005). "Fascioliasis and other plant-borne trematode zoonoses". ... Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology2017 vol 35, issue 4 page 551-554 DOI:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_17_7 External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : B66.5 ICD - 9-CM : 121.4 MeSH : D014201 v t e Parasitic disease caused by helminthiases Flatworm/ platyhelminth infection Fluke/trematode ( Trematode infection ) Blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni / S. japonicum / S. mekongi / S. haematobium / S. intercalatum Schistosomiasis Trichobilharzia regenti Swimmer's itch Liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis Clonorchiasis Dicrocoelium dendriticum / D. hospes Dicrocoeliasis Fasciola hepatica / F. gigantica Fasciolosis Opisthorchis viverrini / O. felineus Opisthorchiasis Lung fluke Paragonimus westermani / P. kellicotti Paragonimiasis Intestinal fluke Fasciolopsis buski Fasciolopsiasis Metagonimus yokogawai Metagonimiasis Heterophyes heterophyes Heterophyiasis Cestoda ( Tapeworm infection ) Cyclophyllidea Echinococcus granulosus / E. multilocularis Echinococcosis Taenia saginata / T. asiatica / T. solium (pork) Taeniasis / Cysticercosis Hymenolepis nana / H. diminuta Hymenolepiasis Pseudophyllidea Diphyllobothrium latum Diphyllobothriasis Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Sparganosis Diphyllobothrium mansonoides Sparganosis Roundworm/ Nematode infection Secernentea Spiruria Camallanida Dracunculus medinensis Dracunculiasis Spirurida Filarioidea ( Filariasis ) Onchocerca volvulus Onchocerciasis Loa loa Loa loa filariasis Mansonella Mansonelliasis Dirofilaria repens D. immitis Dirofilariasis Wuchereria bancrofti / Brugia malayi / | B. timori Lymphatic filariasis Thelazioidea Gnathostoma spinigerum / G. hispidum Gnathostomiasis Thelazia Thelaziasis Spiruroidea Gongylonema Strongylida ( hookworm ) Hookworm infection Ancylostoma duodenale / A. braziliense Ancylostomiasis / Cutaneous larva migrans Necator americanus Necatoriasis Angiostrongylus cantonensis Angiostrongyliasis Metastrongylus Metastrongylosis Ascaridida Ascaris lumbricoides Ascariasis Anisakis Anisakiasis Toxocara canis / T. cati Visceral larva migrans / Toxocariasis Baylisascaris Dioctophyme renale Dioctophymosis Parascaris equorum Rhabditida Strongyloides stercoralis Strongyloidiasis Trichostrongylus spp.

In general, there are two types of cytoplasm: N (normal) and aberrant S (sterile) cytoplasms. These types exhibit reciprocal differences. ... Rf genes are required to restore fertility in S cytoplasm that causes sterility. Thus plants with N cytoplasm are fertile and S cytoplasm with genotype Rf - leads to fertiles while S cytoplasm with rfrf produces only male steriles. ... In the early 1970s, plants containing CMS-T genetics were susceptible to southern corn leaf blight and suffered from widespread loss of yield. Since then, CMS types C and S were used instead. [3] Unfortunately, these lines are prone to environmentally induced fertility restoration and must be carefully monitored in the field.